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Richard Coico
Immunology
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Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
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CONTRIBUTORS
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1 OVERVIEW OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
Innate Immunity
Adaptive Immunity
HEMATOPOIESIS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
CLONAL SELECTION THEORY
ACTIVE, PASSIVE, AND ADOPTIVE IMMUNIZATION
Major Characteristics of the Adaptive Immune Response
Cells Involved in Adaptive Immune Responses
HUMORAL AND CELLULAR IMMUNITY
Humoral Immunity
Cell‐Mediated Immunity
IMMUNE BALANCE
GENERATION OF DIVERSITY IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
BENEFITS OF IMMUNOLOGY
DAMAGING EFFECTS OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
THE FUTURE OF IMMUNOLOGY
THE SHORT COURSE BEGINS HERE
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
2 CELLS AND TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM INTRODUCTION
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Primary and Secondary Lymphoid Organs
Thymus Gland.
Secondary Lymphoid Organs.
The Spleen
Lymph Nodes
MAJOR HEMATOPOIETIC CELLS
Lymphoid Lineage Cell Populations
B Lymphocytes.
T Lymphocytes.
Naïve Lymphocytes.
CTL Effector Cells.
Subsets of TH Cells.
Natural Killer T Cells
Innate Lymphoid Cells
Myeloid Lineage Immune Cell Populations
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes
Macrophages.
Dendritic Cells.
LYMPHOCYTE MIGRATION AND RECIRCULATION
THE FATE OF ANTIGEN AFTER PENETRATION
Frequency of Antigen‐Specific Naïve Lymphocytes
SUMMARY
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
3 CELLS OF THE INNATE IMMUNITY INTRODUCTION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL BARRIERS OF INNATE IMMUNITY
CELLS OF THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM
PATTERN RECOGNITION: A MAJOR FEATURE OF INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSES
Pattern Recognition Receptors
Toll‐Like Receptors.
C‐Type Lectin Receptors.
f‐Met‐Leu‐Phe Receptors.
NOD‐Like Receptors.
RIG‐I‐Like Receptors.
COMPLEMENT
Intracellular and Extracellular Killing of Microorganisms
Phagocytosis.
THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes
Localized Inflammatory Responses: Roles of Kinins and the Coagulation Pathway
The Acute Phase Response
Fever
SUMMARY
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
4 COMPLEMENT INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION
Classical Pathway
Activators.
Early Steps in the Classical Complement Pathway That Lead to C3 Cleavage.
Lectin Pathway
Activators.
Early Steps in the Lectin Pathway That Lead to C3 Cleavage.
Alternative Pathway
Activators.
Early Steps in the Alternative Pathway That Lead to C3 Cleavage.
Steps Shared by All Pathways: Activation of C3 and C5
Terminal Pathway
REGULATION OF COMPLEMENT ACTIVITY
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF COMPLEMENT
Production of Opsonins
Production of Anaphylatoxins
Lysis
Other Important Complement Functions
Enhancing B‐Cell Responses to Antigens.
Controlling Formation and Clearance of Immune Complexes.
Removing Dead or Dying Cells.
Responses to Viruses.
COMPLEMENT DEFICIENCIES
SUMMARY
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
5 IMMUNOGENS AND ANTIGENS INTRODUCTION
REQUIREMENTS FOR IMMUNOGENICITY
Foreignness
High Molecular Weight
Chemical Complexity
Degradability
Haptens
Further Requirements for Immunogenicity
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY RESPONSES
ANTIGENICITY AND ANTIGEN‐BINDING SITE
EPITOPES RECOGNIZED BY B CELLS AND T CELLS
MAJOR CLASSES OF ANTIGENS
BINDING OF ANTIGEN WITH ANTIGEN‐SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES OR T CELLS
CROSS‐REACTIVITY
ADJUVANTS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
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