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1 IntroductionFigure 1 Three different typologies of nitro compounds.

2 Chapter 1Scheme 1.1 Displacement (nitration) of alkyl halides.Scheme 1.2 Synthesis of fatty nitroalkanes.Scheme 1.3 Aryl nitromethanes synthesis under minimized purification step.Scheme 1.4 Nitration of halides with silver nitrite.Scheme 1.5 Nitration of halides with silver nitrite (selected examples).Scheme 1.6 Nitration of halides under PEG solvent.Scheme 1.7 Chemoselective nitration of alkyl halides.Scheme 1.8 Nitration of mesylates and tosylates.Scheme 1.9 Oxidation of primary amines.Scheme 1.10 Oxidation of amines using HOF·CH₃CN.Scheme 1.11 Oxidation of amines using Zr(O-t-Bu)₄.Scheme 1.12 Retro-Nef reaction via oximes.Scheme 1.13 Oxidation of oximes with TFAA/UHP.Scheme 1.14 Oxidation of oximes using Benz-Mo.Scheme 1.15 Oxidation of azides using HOF·CH₃CN.Scheme 1.16 Reduction of nitroalkenes.Scheme 1.17 Reductive nitromethylation of aldehydes.Scheme 1.18 Nitromethylation of aryl halides.Scheme 1.19 Nitroalkylation of aryl halides.Scheme 1.20 Nitroalkanes addition to vinylepoxides under Pd(0) catalysis.

3 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Conversion of nitroalkanes into other functionalities.Figure 2.2 Common historical procedures for the reduction of nitroalkanes to...Figure 2.3 Recent procedures for the reduction of nitroalkanes to amines.Scheme 2.1 One-pot synthesis of imines.Scheme 2.2 Synthesis of Propranolol 3.Scheme 2.3 Synthesis of threo-Dihydrosphingosine 7.Scheme 2.4 Synthesis of (−)-Denopamine 13.Scheme 2.5 Enantioselective synthesis of piperidin-2-oneScheme 2.6 Synthesis of thiourea derivative 20.Scheme 2.7 Synthesis of bicycle-γ-lactam 24.Scheme 2.8 Synthesis of (S)-Rolipram 28.

4 Chapter 3Scheme 3.1 Nef original reaction.Scheme 3.2 Nef reaction by CAN.Scheme 3.3 Nef reaction by Fe–HCl.Figure 3.1 Intermediate of Nef reaction with basic silica gel.Scheme 3.4 Nef reaction by Me₃SiCl: synthesis of poly(1,3-diketones).Scheme 3.5 One-pot synthesis of (R)-2-methylcyclododecanone.Scheme 3.6 One-pot synthesis of indoles 7.Scheme 3.7 One-pot synthesis of benzofurans 11.Scheme 3.8 Synthesis of Kinamycin antibiotic analogs 16.Scheme 3.9 Synthesis of γ-lactams 23.Scheme 3.10 Synthesis of sarkomycin 28.Scheme 3.11 Synthesis of (−)-Cyclophellitol 33.Scheme 3.12 Synthesis of intermediate for Manzamine A 35.Scheme 3.13 Synthesis of (−)-Pyrenophorin 41.Scheme 3.14 Synthesis of algicidal cyclopentenone 45.Scheme 3.15 Synthesis of chiral lactone 49.Scheme 3.16 Synthesis of Isosolanone 53.Scheme 3.17 Synthesis of polycyclic aromatic structure 56.Scheme 3.18 Synthesis of (−)-Botryodiplodin 60.Scheme 3.19 Synthesis of (+)-Ibuprofen 63.

5 Chapter 4Scheme 4.1 Nitroaldol (Henry) reaction.Figure 4.1 Transformation of β-nitro alcohol.Scheme 4.2 One-pot nitroaldol reaction from haloderivatives.Figure 4.2 Nitroaldol reaction vs. nitroaldol condensation.Scheme 4.3 Nitroaldol (Henry) condensation promoted by hyperbranched polyami...Scheme 4.4 Nitroaldol reaction promoted by Al₂O₃ in scCO₂.Scheme 4.5 One-pot nitroaldol condensation using bromonitromethane.Scheme 4.6 Nitroaldol (Henry) reaction of BrCH₂NO₂ under SmI₂ catalysis.Scheme 4.7 Nitroaldol condensation by SG-MNP-NH₂.Scheme 4.8 Synthesis of A-ring of Taxane diterpene, via the Henry reaction....Scheme 4.9 Intramolecular Henry reaction with Stryker’s reagent.Scheme 4.10 Synthesis of D-Glucosamine monosaccharides.Scheme 4.11 Synthesis of (E)-9-nitrooleic acid 17.Scheme 4.12 Synthesis of (E)-9-nitrooleic acid 20.Scheme 4.13 Synthesis of α-Cedrene 26.Scheme 4.14 Synthesis of (±)-Acoradiene 32a.Scheme 4.15 Synthesis of Lycoricidine 36.Scheme 4.16 Synthesis of 4-hydroxyheptadecan-7-one 40.Scheme 4.17 Synthesis of 14-hydroxyoctadecan-8-one 44.Scheme 4.18 Synthesis of segment 48 of Swinholide A.Scheme 4.19 Asymmetric Henry reaction by ligand A.Scheme 4.20 Synthesis of (S)-Miconazole 53.Scheme 4.21 Synthesis of (R)-Phenylephrine 57.Scheme 4.22 Synthesis of (S)-N-trans-feruloyl 61.Scheme 4.23 Synthesis of 66.Scheme 4.24 Asymmetric synthesis of (1R, 2S)-methoxamine·HCl.Scheme 4.25 Asymmetric synthesis of (S)-Toliprolol 72a, (S)-Moprolol 72b, an...Scheme 4.26 Asymmetric synthesis of (R)-Isoproterenol 76.Figure 4.3 Ligand G.Figure 4.4 Ligand H.Figure 4.5 Ligand I.Figure 4.6 Ligand J.Figure 4.7 Ligand K.Figure 4.8 Ligand La,b.Figure 4.9 Ligand Ma–g.Figure 4.10 Aza-Henry (or nitro-Mannich) reaction.Figure 4.11 Catalyst 134.Scheme 4.27 Asymmetric aza-Henry reaction with ligand N.Scheme 4.28 Asymmetric aza-Henry reaction with indium. Selected example.Scheme 4.29 Aza-Henry reaction of trifluoromethyl ketimines. Selected exampl...Scheme 4.30 Cyclization of 82a into imidazoline 84.Scheme 4.31 Asymmetric aza-Henry reaction with ligand O.Scheme 4.32 Synthesis of (S)-Levamisole 89.Scheme 4.33 Dehydrogenative aza-Henry reaction.Scheme 4.34 Three-component aza-Henry reaction via crystallization.Scheme 4.35 Reduction of amino acid. Synthesis of vicinal diamines.Scheme 4.36 Aza-Henry reaction under ligand P-Et₂Zn catalysis.Scheme 4.37 Synthesis of Epiquinamide 105.Scheme 4.38 AHR under rosin-derived amine thiourea catalyst 109 and 110.Scheme 4.39 AHR under phase-transfer catalysis 113 derived from cinchona alk...Scheme 4.40 Synthesis of 1,2-diamines 115 and α-aminoester 117.Scheme 4.41 Asymmetric AHR catalyzed by thiourea-phosphonium salt (catalyst Scheme 4.42 Synthesis of chiral amino-substituted γ-lactam 124.Scheme 4.43 Synthesis of Taurine 129.Scheme 4.44 AHR under catalysts 130 and 131.Figure 4.12 Catalyst 135.Scheme 4.45 Asymmetric synthesis of 140 under catalyst 136.Scheme 4.46 Asymmetric synthesis of 145 under catalyst 141.Scheme 4.47 Asymmetric synthesis of 150 under catalyst 146.

6 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Conjugate addition (Michael reaction).Scheme 5.1 Synthesis of diamino alcohols 4 from in situ Henry–Michael reacti...Scheme 5.2 Synthesis of methylene butyrolactones 8.Scheme 5.3 Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated nitriles 12.Scheme 5.4 Michael reaction using Amberlyst A27 as promoter.Scheme 5.5 Michael reaction using Isolute® as promoter.Figure 5.2 Structure of PS-BEMP.Scheme 5.6 One-pot Henry–Michael reaction promoted by Isolute®.Scheme 5.7 Intramolecular Michael reaction.Scheme 5.8 One-pot Michael reaction from haloderivatives.Scheme 5.9 Conjugate addition to the dienoic ester 23.Scheme 5.10 One-pot synthesis of 1,4-difuntionalized molecules from nitroalk...Scheme 5.11 Synthesis of substituted Δ¹-pyrrolines 33.Scheme 5.12 Michael reaction of nitroalkanes under chiral imidazoline–tetraz...Scheme 5.13 Michael reaction of nitroalkanes under 5-pyrrolidin-2-yltetrazol...Scheme 5.14 Michael reaction of nitroalkanes catalyzed by trans-amino-prolin...Figure 5.3 α-Aminophosphonate.Scheme 5.15 Michael reaction of nitroalkanes catalyzed by Cinchona alkaloid ...Figure 5.4 Catalyst 44.Scheme 5.16 Michael reaction catalyzed by the thiourea 45.Scheme 5.17 Conjugate addition of α-nitroacetate to α,β-unsaturated ketones ...Scheme 5.18 Synthetic applications of 49.Scheme 5.19 Michael reaction catalyzed by diamine 52.Scheme 5.20 Conjugate addition of prochiral nitroalkanes to acrylate equival...Scheme 5.21 Synthesis of (S)- and (R)-Baclofen 60a,b.Figure 5.5 Possible adducts (ways a–c) of nitroalkanes to enals.Scheme 5.22 Asymmetric Michael reaction promoted by the organocatalyst 62.Scheme 5.23 Asymmetric synthesis of (R)-Baclofen·HCl salt 64.Scheme 5.24 Asymmetric Michael reaction promoted by catalyst 65 under aqueou...Scheme 5.25 Synthesis of (S)-Rolipram 69.Scheme 5.26 Synthesis of Pregabalin 73.Scheme 5.27 Michael reaction promoted by the catalyst 74.Scheme 5.28 Michael reaction promoted by the catalyst 62.Scheme 5.29 Synthetic applications of compound 77a (R = Ph).Scheme 5.30 Intramolecular reaction promoted by the catalyst 84.Scheme 5.31 Asymmetric Michael reaction with nitroalkenes promoted by the ca...Scheme 5.32 Asymmetric Michael reaction with nitroalkenes promoted by the ca...Scheme 5.33 Asymmetric Michael reaction with vinyl sulfone promoted by the c...Scheme 5.34 Synthesis of 2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline 102.Scheme 5.35 Synthesis of (±)-Norsalanadione 105.Figure 5.6 Taxol.Scheme 5.36 Synthesis of A ring of Taxol 111.Scheme 5.37 Synthesis of (+)-Trachelanthamidin 117.Scheme 5.38 Synthesis of Isolactone 122.Scheme 5.39 Synthesis of (−)-δ-Multistriatin pheromone 127.Scheme 5.40 Synthesis of bicyclic-γ-lactam proteins 131.Scheme 5.41 Synthesis of (R)-Palulolide A 135.Scheme 5.42 Synthesis of (3S,4R)-Paroxetine A 140.Scheme 5.43 Synthesis of Trandolapril 147.Scheme 5.44 Synthesis of (−)-Epibatidine 152.Scheme 5.45 Synthesis of (±)-Manzacidin A and C.Scheme 5.46 Synthesis of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor 165.

7 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Pioneering coupling reactions.Scheme 6.1 Coupling of aryl halides 1 with nitroalkanes 2.Scheme 6.2 Synthesis of NH-9.Scheme 6.3 α-Arylation of aryl nitromethanes 7.Scheme 6.4 α-One-pot diarylation of nitromethane.Figure 6.2 Arylation of nitroalkanes in water.Scheme 6.5 Orthogonal formylation equivalent of aryl halides/triflates 1–13....Scheme 6.6 Synthesis of 3-alkyl-2-isoxazolines 17.Scheme 6.7 One-pot synthesis of 1H-2,3-benzoxazine-3-oxide 20.Scheme 6.8 Synthesis of 5-alkyl-5-aryl-1-pyrroline N-oxides (AAPOs) 22.Scheme 6.9 Synthesis of γ-lactams 24.Scheme 6.10 Trifluoromethylation of secondary nitroalkanes into 27.Scheme 6.11 Synthesis of (±)-Adalinine 34.

8 Chapter 7Scheme 7.1 1,3-Dinitroalkanes transformations.Scheme 7.2 Synthesis of 1,3-dinitroalkanes (pathway a or b).Scheme 7.3 Asymmetric conjugate addition of nitroalkanes to nitroalkenes.Scheme 7.4 Asymmetric conjugate addition of silyl nitronates promoted by the...Scheme 7.5 Electrochemical synthesis of 1,3-dinitroalkanes.Scheme 7.6 Synthesis of 1,3-dinitroalkanes promoted by basic Al₂O₃.Scheme 7.7 Synthesis of 1,3-dinitroalkanes under Ni-species.Scheme 7.8 Synthesis of linear 1,3-dinitroalkanes 20.Scheme 7.9 Reduction of chiral 1,3-dinitroalkanes to 1,3-diamines 22.Scheme 7.10 One-pot synthesis of 2,4-dinitrocyclohexanols 24.Scheme 7.11 One-pot synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes 29.Scheme 7.12 One-pot synthesis of bis-bicyclic compounds 31.Scheme 7.13 One-pot synthesis of benzoyl derivatives 36.Scheme 7.14 One-pot synthesis of 38.Scheme 7.15 Synthesis of diarylamines 41.Scheme 7.16 Synthesis of phenols 43.Scheme 7.17 Synthesis of phenols 46 and 47.Scheme 7.18 Synthesis of phenols 50.

9 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Base-induced elimination of nitrous acid.Scheme 8.1 Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl derivatives 3.Figure 8.2 Nitroalkane as synthetic equivalent of the alkyl anion synthon I....Scheme 8.2 Synthesis of succinate derivatives 4a and N-ethylsuccinimmides 4dScheme 8.3 Chemoselective formation of adducts 6 or 7.Scheme 8.4 Chemoselective one-pot formation of adducts 10.Scheme 8.5 One-pot formation of tetrahydrofuran 12.Scheme 8.6 Reduction of 10 into triols 13.Scheme 8.7 Synthesis of α,β-unsaturated esters 16.Scheme 8.8 Synthesis of nitro-functionalized α,β-unsaturated esters 18 and 1...Scheme 8.9 Synthesis of enediones 23.Scheme 8.10 Synthesis of ketones 27 via HNO₂ elimination vs. H₂O.Scheme 8.11 Synthesis of acetophenones 33.Scheme 8.12 Synthesis of carbazoles 36.Scheme 8.13 Synthesis of naphthyl derivatives 40.Scheme 8.14 Synthesis of tetrasubstituted benzenes 45.Scheme 8.15 Synthesis of trisubstituted furans 50.Figure 8.3 Nitroalkane as synthetic equivalent of the alkyl cation synthon I...Scheme 8.16 Synthesis of disubstituted furans 57.Scheme 8.17 Synthesis of furan ring YC-1.Scheme 8.18 Synthesis of pyrroles 67.Scheme 8.19 Synthesis of isoxazoles 74.Scheme 8.20 Synthesis of dihydropyranols 78.Scheme 8.21 Synthesis of butyrolactones 82.Scheme 8.22 Synthesis of α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones 84 and 85.Scheme 8.23 Synthesis of pyrrolidines 86.Scheme 8.24 Synthesis of succinic anhydrides 88 and 91.Scheme 8.25 Synthesis of cyclopentenones 96.Scheme 8.26 Synthesis of 1,3-diene-tricarboxylates 99.Scheme 8.27 Synthesis of 1,3-butadienes 100.Scheme 8.28 Synthesis of nitrodiesters 102 or 1,3-butadienes 103.Scheme 8.29 Synthesis of γ-lactams 105 and 106.Scheme 8.30 Asymmetric synthesis of conjugate alkenes 111 and their applicat...Scheme 8.31 Asymmetric one-pot vinylation of enals 114.Figure 8.4 Nitroalkanes 107a as synthetic equivalent of the vinyl anion synt...

10 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Synthesis of α-nitrocycloalkanones 1.Scheme 9.1 Synthesis of steroid α-nitro ketones 6a–d.Figure 9.2 Ring cleavage of α-nitrocycloalkanones.Scheme 9.2 Synthesis of ω-nitro acids 9 and ω-nitro esters 10.Scheme 9.3 Cleavage of nitro cycloalkanones with MeOH/Amberlyst A21.Scheme 9.4 Synthesis of Exaltolide 13.Scheme 9.5 Ring cleavage to ω-nitro acids 9 by CTACl.Scheme 9.6 Synthesis of ω-aminoacids 14.Scheme 9.7 Synthesis of keto ester 18 and keto acid 19.Scheme 9.8 Synthesis of methyl ω-oxoalkanoates 21.Scheme 9.9 Synthesis of ω-nitroalcohols 22.Scheme 9.10 Synthesis of (R)-Patulolide A and B 30a and 30b.Scheme 9.11 Synthesis of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids 33 and keto acids 32.Scheme 9.12 Synthesis of α,ω-dicarboxylic acids dialkyl esters 34.Scheme 9.13 Ring cleavage of steroid nitro ketone 35.Scheme 9.14 Oxidative cleavage of 2-nitro cycloalkanones by Oxone®.Scheme 9.15 Oxidative cleavage of 2-nitro cycloalkanones by NaClO into 39.Scheme 9.16 Nucleophilic addition of Grignard reagents to α-nitrocyclohexano...Scheme 9.17 Synthesis of (±)-Phoracantholide 45.Scheme 9.18 Synthesis of (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid 48.Figure 9.3 Acidity of hydrogen in 2-position.Scheme 9.19 Synthesis of nitrocyclohexenes 50.Scheme 9.20 Asymmetric Michael reaction of 2-nitrocyclohexanone to nitroalke...Scheme 9.21 Asymmetric synthesis of 1-azaspiro[4.5]decan-6-one 57.Scheme 9.22 Asymmetric synthesis of bicyclic 60 and macrocyclic 63.Scheme 9.23 Synthesis of (E)-12-nitrooctadecadec-12-enoic acid methyl ester Scheme 9.24 Synthesis of Indane derivatives 72.Figure 9.4 Zip reactions.Scheme 9.25 Synthesis of functionalized macrolactones 80.Scheme 9.26 Synthesis of functionalized macrolactam 85.Scheme 9.27 Asymmetric synthesis of bicyclic skeleton 89 and ring cleavage t...Scheme 9.28 Synthesis of benzo- and naphtho-fused bicyclo[n.3.1]structure 93Scheme 9.29 Synthesis of bridget 2,8-dioxabicylclo[3.2.1]octanes 95.Scheme 9.30 Synthesis of tertiary α-aryl-α-nitrocycloalkanone 97.Scheme 9.31 Synthesis of Tiletamine 100.

11 Chapter 10Scheme 10.1 Synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4a via the Henry reaction.Scheme 10.2 One-pot synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4a via the Henry reaction....Scheme 10.3 Synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4c from phenylselenyl acetaldehyde Scheme 10.4 Synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4a–c from acylimidazoles 9.Scheme 10.5 Synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4c from acylchloride 10.Scheme 10.6 Synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4b from alkenes 13.Scheme 10.7 Synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4d form nitroalkenes 15.Scheme 10.8 Synthesis of α-nitro ketones 4a from silyl enol ether 16.Scheme 10.9 Denitration of α-nitro ketones 4b by Bu₃SnH.Scheme 10.10 Denitration of α-nitro ketones 4a by Na₂S₂O₄.Scheme 10.11 Denitration of α-nitro ketones 4c into 21.Scheme 10.12 Denitration of α-nitro ketones 4a into 25.Scheme 10.13 Synthesis of (Z)-5-undecen-2-one 30.Scheme 10.14 Synthesis of methyl 9-oxodecanoate 35a and methyl 9-oxo-12-trid...Scheme 10.15 Synthesis of (Z)-heneicos-6-en-11-one 41.Figure 10.1 Nitroalkenes 26, 31, and 36 as synthetic equivalents of carbanio...Scheme 10.16 Denitration–deoxygenation of α-nitro ketones using LiAlH₄.Scheme 10.17 Synthesis of (Z)-9-tricosene 47.Scheme 10.18 Denitration–deoxygenation of α-nitro ketones using NaBH₄.Scheme 10.19 Synthesis of 2-methylheptadecane 52.Figure 10.2 Nitroalkanes 44 and 49 as synthetic equivalents of carbanion syn...Scheme 10.20 Synthesis of α-deuterated ketones 53–55.Scheme 10.21 Deuteration of α-nitro ketones via tosylhydrazones.Scheme 10.22 Replacement of nitro group with “SPh.”Scheme 10.23 Synthesis of conjugate enones 63.Scheme 10.24 α-Nitro ketones into enones 67 via tosylhydrazones.Scheme 10.25 Regioselective formation of α,β-unsaturated ketones 72 and 77....Scheme 10.26 Synthesis of (E)-2-ene-1,4-diones 81.Scheme 10.27 Asymmetric reduction of α-nitro ketones to nitroalkanols 82.Scheme 10.28 Symmetric reduction of α-nitro ketones 4a to nitroalkanols 84....Scheme 10.29 Asymmetric reduction of α-nitro acetophenones 85 into nitroalka...Figure 10.3 α-Acidic proton of α-nitro ketones 4b,c.Scheme 10.30 Asymmetric nucleophilic addition of R²Li to α-nitro ketones 4b ...Scheme 10.31 Chemoselective reduction of the nitro group of α-nitro ketones Scheme 10.32 Synthesis of 94.Scheme 10.33 Synthesis of 5-ALA 88.Scheme 10.34 Synthesis of trialkyl-substituted pyrazines 100.Figure 10.4 α-Nitro ketones: main three centers prone to form C—C bond.Scheme 10.35 α¹-Alkylation of α-nitro ketones.Scheme 10.36 Synthesis of (±)-Muscone 107.Scheme 10.37 α-Alkylation of α-nitro ketones 4b into 109 and 110.Scheme 10.38 Mono-allylation of nitroacetone derivatives via deacylation of Scheme 10.39 Unsymmetric bis-allylation of nitroalkanes 116 from α-nitro ket...Scheme 10.40 Tris-allylation of nitro ketone 4c.Scheme 10.41 Allylation of 1,4-dienes by C–H activation of α-nitr...Scheme 10.42 One-pot synthesis of α,β-unsaturated hydrazones 123.Scheme 10.43 Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrofurans 126.Scheme 10.44 Synthesis of dihydrofurans 130.Scheme 10.45 Synthesis of furans 134.Scheme 10.46 Synthesis of trisubstituted isoxazoles 138.Scheme 10.47 Synthesis of α-pyrones 143.Scheme 10.48 Alkylation of 4b,c by nitro-Mannich and Mannich-type reactions....Scheme 10.49 Synthesis of furoxans 148.Scheme 10.50 Synthesis of α-nitro-α-diazocarbonyls 149.Scheme 10.51 Synthesis of acylthioamides 150 and acylthioureas 151.

12 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Hormaomycin (A).Figure 11.2 Synthetic applications of nitrocyclopropanes.Scheme 11.1 Nitrocyclopropanation of γ-nitro ketones 1.Scheme 11.2 Nitrocyclopropanation of steroids 4.Scheme 11.3 Nitrocyclopropanation of 7 into 10.Scheme 11.4 Nitrocyclopropanation of 11a into 14a.Scheme 11.5 Synthesis of unit 18, key constituent of Belactosin A 19.Scheme 11.6 Synthesis of 22.Scheme 11.7 Cyclopropanation of 23.Scheme 11.8 Cyclopropanation of 23 into 28.Scheme 11.9 Cyclopropanation of 30a into 31a.Scheme 11.10 Synthesis of Trovafloxacin 32.Scheme 11.11 Cyclopropanation of 33.Scheme 11.12 Cyclopropanation of 30a–d under K₂CO₃ catalysis.Scheme 11.13 Cyclopropanation of 35 into 37 under K₂CO₃ catalysis.Figure 11.3 Push–pull effect.Scheme 11.14 Preparation of CF₃-amino acid 41.Scheme 11.15 Synthesis of CF₃-peptide 45.Scheme 11.16 Synthesis of nitro cyclopropanes 49.Scheme 11.17 Cyclopropanation of nitroalkanes 50 into 52.Scheme 11.18 Cyclopropanation of nitroalkenes 53 into 56.Scheme 11.19 Cyclopropanation of nitroalkenes 53 into 58.Scheme 11.20 Cyclopropanation of nitroalkenes 53 into 60.Scheme 11.21 Synthesis of CBB3001 65.Figure 11.4 Preparation of nitrodiazo compounds 66.Scheme 11.22 Nitration of diazo compounds into 66.Scheme 11.23 Cyclopropanation of 66 into 67.Scheme 11.24 Decarboxylation of 67a into nitrocyclopropanes 69 and cycloprop...Scheme 11.25 Double ways (A and B) to obtain cyclopropyl amines 74.Scheme 11.26 Asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes 71a into 76.Figure 11.5 Organocatalyst 78.Scheme 11.27 Trans–cis isomerization of 76.Scheme 11.28 Synthesis of subunits 87 and 88.Figure 11.6 Hormaomycin (A), Belactosin A (D), and their subunits (NcP)Ala 8...Figure 11.7 Cyclopropanation of γ-nitroalcohols.Scheme 11.29 Synthesis of 95.Scheme 11.30 Synthesis of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors 101a,b.Scheme 11.31 Tandem ring opening/cyclization of cyclopropanes 102 into 104....Scheme 11.32 Mechanism for the formation of 104.Scheme 11.33 [3+2]-Cycloaddition of nitrocyclopropanes 105 with styrenes 106Scheme 11.34 Intramolecular reaction of nitrocyclopropanes 108 into digydrof...Scheme 11.35 Synthesis of dihydrofurans 111. Selected examplesScheme 11.36 Synthesis of cyclopentenes 112. Selected examples.

13 Chapter 12Scheme 12.1 Synthesis of α-ketoacids 2.Figure 12.1 1,n-Dicarbonyls.Scheme 12.2 Synthesis of 1,2-dicarbonyls 8.Figure 12.2 Synthetic equivalents of 3 and 4.Scheme 12.3 Synthesis of β-ketoesters 12.Scheme 12.4 Synthesis of 1,3-diketones 16.Scheme 12.5 Synthesis of β-ketoesters 20.Scheme 12.6 Synthesis of 1,4-diketones 24.Scheme 12.7 One-pot synthesis of 1,4-diketones 27.Scheme 12.8 One-pot synthesis of 1,4,7-triketones 29.Scheme 12.9 One-pot synthesis of 1,4-diketones 31.Scheme 12.10 One-pot synthesis of 1,4-diketones 35.Scheme 12.11 One-pot synthesis of (E)-alylidene-1,4-diones 38.Scheme 12.12 One-pot synthesis of 1,4-diketones 42a or γ-ketoaldehydes 42b....Scheme 12.13 One-pot synthesis of (E)-enediones 46.Scheme 12.14 Synthesis of 1,4-dione 50, precursor of ketoprofen 51.Scheme 12.15 Synthesis of cyclopentenone 55, precursor of Cuparene 56.Scheme 12.16 One-pot synthesis of Allylrethrone 59.Scheme 12.17 Synthesis of (Z)-Jasmone 62b and methyl Jasmonate 63.Scheme 12.18 Synthesis of γ-ketoesters 66 or γ-ketoacids 67.Scheme 12.19 Synthesis of (R)-(+)-γ-caprolactone.Scheme 12.20 Synthesis of γ-ketoesters 69 via Michael reaction.Scheme 12.21 One-pot synthesis of γ-ketodiesters 72.Scheme 12.22 One-pot synthesis of γ-ketodiesters 75.Scheme 12.23 Synthesis of exo-methylene butyrolactones 79.Scheme 12.24 Synthesis of γ-ketoacids 81 or γ-ketoaldehydes 83.Scheme 12.25 Synthesis of γ-keto α,β-unsaturated esters 86.Scheme 12.26 Synthesis of 1,5-diketones 91.Scheme 12.27 Synthesis of 1,5-diketones 94.Scheme 12.28 Synthesis of δ-ketoester 97.

14 Chapter 13Scheme 13.1 Synthesis of Chalcogran 7.Figure 13.1 Some representative examples of spiroketals.Figure 13.2 Most common spiroketal structures I–V.Scheme 13.2 Synthesis of symmetric 2,7-dialkyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonanes 10...Scheme 13.3 Enantioselective synthesis of 12.Scheme 13.4 Enantioselective synthesis of (E)-18.Scheme 13.5 Synthesis of spiro[4.5]decane 22.Scheme 13.6 Synthesis of γ-Rubromycin 29.Scheme 13.7 Synthesis of spiro[4.6]undecanes 33.Scheme 13.8 Synthesis of 2,7-dialkyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.6]undecanes 40.Scheme 13.9 Synthesis of 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecanes 45a and dioxaspiro[5.6...Scheme 13.10 Synthesis of 2-methyl-1,7-dioxaspiro[5.6]dodecane 52.