Читать книгу Dental Management of Sleep Disorders - Ronald Attanasio - Страница 61

This is an integral structure that supports the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles. The position of the hyoid relative to the mandibular plane is of importance as a reliable predictor of the risk for the SRBD when viewed on a cephalometric X‐ray. The more inferior the hyoid is from the mandibular plane the greater the risk for the SRBD (reviewed in Chapter 14). The muscles that relate to the hyoid no doubt control the position of the hyoid. This group of muscles is divided into two groups, the infrahyoids and the suprahyoids (Table 3.3).

Table 3.3 Muscles related to the hyoid.

Muscle	Action
Infrahyoids
Omohyoid	Depresses hyoid
Sternohyoid	Depresses hyoid
Sternothyroid	Depresses larynx
Thyrohyoid	Depresses hyoid
Suprahyoids
Stylohyoid	Elevates hyoid
Retracts hyoid
Mylohyoid	Elevates hyoid
Elevates floor of mouth
Digastric	Elevates hyoid
Aids in depression and retraction of mandible
Geniohyoid	Helps move hyoid and tongue anteriorly

Table 3.4 Muscles involved with the oropharynx.

Muscle	Action
Superior constrictor	Constricts upper portion of pharynx
Middle constrictor	Constricts middle portion of pharynx
Inferior constrictor	Constricts lower portion of pharynx
Palatopharyngeus	Elevates pharynx
Helps close nasopharynx
Salpingopharyngeus	Elevates upper and later portions of pharynx
Stylopharyngeus	Elevates pharynx
Expands sides of pharynx (dilates pharynx)