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3.4.3 Aetiology/Risk Factors

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 Secondary to dental caries, trauma, or failed root canal treatment

 Bacteria and their toxic products enter the periapical tissues via the apical foramen and induce acute inflammation and pus formation

 Polymicrobial odontogenic infection:Anaerobic cocci, Prevotella speciesFusobacterium speciesViridans group streptococci

Handbook of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine

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