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ОглавлениеChapter 4
How Do You Do?
Dialogue: Hajimemashite (How Do You Do?)
| Oshiro (Mrs. O) | : | Kyō wa ii tenki ne. (It’s a nice day today, isn’t it?) |
| Miyagi (Mrs. M) | : | Sō nē. (Yes, it is.) Totemo kirei na aozora da ne. (The sky is such a beautiful blue color.) |
| Oshiro | : | Ara, asoko kara kuru no wa Buraun-san kashira? (I wonder if that person coming over here is Mr. Brown?) |
| Miyagi | : | Shitteru no? (Do you know him?) |
| Oshiro | : | Shujin to onaji kaisha na no. (He works for the same company as my husband.) |
| Buraun (Mr. B) | : | Yā! Oshiro-san. (Oh, hi! Mrs. Oshiro.) Hisashiburi desu nē. (It’s been a long time since I last saw you.) |
| Oshiro | : | Konnichiwa. Gokazoku desu ka? (Ah, hello. Is this your family?) |
| Buraun | : | Ē. Kanai desu. Kore wa musuko no Kurisu desu. (Yes. This is my wife and my son, Chris.) |
| Naomi (Mrs. B) | : | Naomi desu. Hajimemashite. (I’m Naomi. How do you do?) |
| Oshiro | : | Oshiro Kazuko desu. Hajimemashite. (I’m Kazuko Oshiro. How do you do?) Kochira wa otomodachi no Miyagi-san desu. (This is my friend, Mrs. Miyagi.) |
| Miyagi | : | Hajimemashite. Dōzo yoroshiku. (How do you do? Nice to meet you.) |
| Buraun | : | Kochira koso, yoroshiku onegai shimasu. (Nice to meet you, too.) |
| Oshiro | : | Mā, kawaii okosan desu nē! (Isn’t he a cute child!) Oikutsu desu ka? (How old is he?) |
| Naomi | : | Mittsu desu. (He’s three (years old).) |
| Miyagi | : | Ōkii desu nē! (My, he’s so big!) |
| Oshiro | : | Kore kara okaimono desu ka? (Are you going shopping now?) |
| Buraun | : | Ē. (Yes, we are.) |
| Oshiro | : | Jā, watashitachi wa kore de shitsurei shimasu. (Well, we should be going now.) |
Shaded items: Check the “Learning from the Dialogue” section in this chapter to learn more about these.
Vocabulary
See the “Learning from the Dialogues” section for more detail about these.
| Hajimemashite. | How do you do?; Nice to meet you |
| kyō | today |
| ii (= yoi) | nice; good; okay |
| tenki | weather |
| ne/nē | isn’t it? (P) → |
| sō nē | Yes, it is; that’s right |
| totemo | very; extremely; really |
| aozora | blue sky |
| da | is/are/am (plain form of desu) |
| asoko | that place; over there |
| kara | from; through (P) |
| kuru | come |
| Buraun | Brown |
| -san | suffix for Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; Ms. |
| kashira | I wonder (P) → |
| shitteru/shitte iru | know (DF) → shiru |
| no | informal question marker |
| shujin - (goshujin) | my husband (someone’s husband) |
| to | as; from; to (P) |
| onaji | same |
| kaisha | company |
| Yā | Hi; Hello; Oh (Int) Ⓜ→ |
| Oshiro | Japanese family name |
| Hisashiburi | It’s been a long |
| desu nē. | time since I saw you. |
| desu | is/are/am (polite form of da) |
| Konnichiwa | Hello; Good afternoon |
| gokazoku | someone else’s family |
| go- | polite prefix → |
| kazoku | family |
| ka | question marker (P) |
| kanai - (okusan) | my wife(someone’s wife) |
| Naomi | female first name |
| musuko ( musume) | son ( daughter) |
| Kazuko | female first name |
| kochira | this person; this one; this way |
| otomodachi | friend/friends |
| o- | polite prefix → |
| Miyagi | Japanese family name |
| Dōzo yoroshiku | Nice to meet you; How do you do? |
| Kochira koso | Glad/Nice to meet you, too |
| onegai shimasu | please (do); request; ask (NS) → onegai suru |
| onegai | favor; request; wishing |
| kawaii | cute; pretty; lovely |
| okosan | someone’s child |
| oikutsu | how old; how many; prefix o- |
| mittsu | three (years old) |
| ōkii | big; large |
| kore kara | from now on; after this time |
| okaimono | shopping; prefix o- |
| jā | well; well then |
| watashitachi | we |
| watashi | I |
| -tachi | plural suffix for people |
| kore de | now; then; under the situation |
| shitsurei shimasu | Goodbye; Excuse me (NS) → shitsurei suru |
| shitsurei | rudeness; impoliteness |
Tag Questions
Tag questions in English are short questions tacked onto the end of a sentence, to request confirmation or agreement:
“It is, isn’t it?”
“You’re not American, are you?”
In Japanese, the particle ne is used the same way as a tag question.
Learning from the Dialogue
USING NE/NĒ
At the end of a sentence, the particle ne is usually used when asking for confirmation or agreement from the listener—the same way that English-tag questions are used. And ne is sometimes used just to add a soft and friendly tone. The particle nē is used to express an exclamation such as admiration or surprise. The ne or nē particle is used by both male and female speakers.
| Kimi gakusei da ne?Ⓜ | You’re a student, aren’t you? |
| Kawaii wa ne? | It’s pretty, isn’t it? |
| Jā, mata ne! | See you! |
| Wā! Kirei da nē! | Oh! How pretty! |
“I WONDER…”: USING KASHIRA/KANA
The particle kashira as in Buraun-san kashira is used only by women at the end of a sentence. It means “I wonder” and it is used when the speaker is not sure about something or when talking to oneself. In men’s speech kashira turns into kana or kanā. (Younger women also tend to use kana/kanā.)
Notice that kashira/kana always occurs directly after nouns, adjectival nouns, adjectives, verbs or adverbs.
| Ara, kore okurimono kashira? | Oh, I wonder is this a present? |
| (N) | |
| Naomi-san, genki kashira?Ⓕ | I wonder if Naomi is okay? |
| (Adj N) | |
| Kore ōkii kana?Ⓜ | I wonder is this too big? |
| (Adj) | |
| Buraun-san kuru kana?Ⓜ | I wonder if Mr. Brown is coming? |
| (V) | |
| Naze kashira?/Naze kanā?/Ⓜ | I wonder why? |
| (Adv) (Adv) |
“HEY THERE”—USING YĀ
When running into friends or acquaintances, Yā is used as a greeting like “Hi” or “Hello.” Yā has a very masculine sound. It is used only by men.
| Yā, Buraun-san!Ⓜ | Hello, Mr. Brown! |
| Yā, hisashiburi da nē!Ⓜ | Oh hi, I haven’t seen you for a long time! |
USING THE PREFIXES GO- AND O-
In the dialogue, notice the words gokazoku and otomadachi. The go- of gokazoku and o- of otomodachi are polite prefixes. (Sometimes o- is just used to make sounds gentler.)
The prefixes go- and o- are added to a noun, and they add a level of politeness to one’s speech. These prefixes cannot be added to just any noun, and they are also not interchangeable. You have to know the right one to use with whatever word you are saying. Normally go- is added to a word if it has a Chinese reading, and o- is added to a word if it has a Japanese reading. So it is easier to distinguish the usage of these two prefixes if you understand kanji characters. (See the sidebar on page 3.)
Look at these examples:
| goshujin (someone’s husband) | → | go + shujin | ご主人 |
| gokyōdai(someone’s sibling) | → | go + kyōdai | ご兄弟 |
| gohan(cooked rice/meal) | → | go + han | ご飯 |
| okaimono(shopping) | → | o + kaimono | お買い物 |
| omizu(water) | → | o + mizu | お水 |
| okane(money) | → | o + kane | お金 |
There are a few exceptions such as odenwa (telephone) お電話, oshokuji (meals) お食事, oryōri (cooking) お料理, and so on.
Go- and o- are also added before some adjectival nouns and adjectives but they are not explained in this book.
Practice
Write the appropriate prefix (go- or o-) in the blanks. To know which is appropriate (based on the character’s reading—review p. 3), check back through the dialogues.
Correct answers are given at the back of the book, so that you can check your work.
1. _______mizu
(water)
2. _______shujin
(someone’s husband)
3. _______kaimono
(shopping)
4. _______tomodachi
(friend)
5. _______ikutsu
(how old?)
6. _______kazoku
(someone’s family)
7. _______kane
(money)
8. _______han
(cooked rice, meal)
9. _______sake
(rice wine)
10. _______hashi
(chopsticks)
11. _______kyōdai
(someone’s brothers and sisters)
12. _______cha
(Japanese green tea)
Expressing Relationships
Throughout the dialogue “How Do You Do?” it is possible to see each person’s relationship to the other. When friends, like Mrs. Oshiro and Mrs. Miyagi, are talking to each other, they do not use the formal speech style (polite forms). However, when they start to talk to Mr. Brown’s family, they use desu forms or masu forms at the end of a sentence, because Japanese people change their speaking style according to vertical relations (e.g., rank, occupation, gender, age, etc.), and they also change it according to general social relationships such as one’s own family members and other people. Therefore, it is easy to know what kind of relationship the speaker and listener have by listening to their conversation.
Making Introductions
When introducing people, priority is given first to rank or status, then to gender or age. In the process of introductions, the style of Americans and Japanese is basically quite similar; for example, when we introduce our family members to acquaintances (shiriai), friends, or co-workers, we will introduce our family members to others first out of respect.
Often when they make introductions, Japanese people use a title, an occupation or a family term in place of saying someone’s name, such as Kochira wa watashi no sensei desu “This is my teacher” or Kanai desu “This is my wife.” And when Japanese people introduce themselves in Japanese, they usually use only their surnames.
Japanese people may bow (called ojigi) instead of shaking hands when introducing each other. Recently, Japanese businessmen have also started shaking hands rather than bowing. However, most Japanese people still bow when they are introduced.
Let’s take a look at examples of three types of introductions below.
1. When you introduce yourself to a group:
| Watashi no namae wa Buraun Naomi desu. | My name is Naomi Brown. |
| Watashi wa Amerikajin desu. | I’m an American. |
| Watashi wa subarashii otto to kawaii musume ga hitori imasu. | I have a wonderful husband and one lovely daughter. |
| Dōzo yoroshiku. | I’m very pleased to meet you. |
2. When you introduce yourself to another person:
| Mr. Tanaka | : | Hajimemashite.Tanaka desu. (How do you do? I’m Tanaka.) |
| Mr. Brown | : | Buraun desu. Hajimemashite. (I’m Brown. How do you do?) |
| Mr. Tanaka | : | Dōzo yoroshiku. (Glad to meet you.) |
| Mr. Brown | : | Kochira koso, yoroshiku onegai shimasu. (I’m very glad to meet you, too.) |
3. When you introduce your family members to others:
Buraun-san, shujin desu.
| Mrs. Miyagi | : | Buraun Robāto desu. (Mr. Brown, this is my husband.) |
| Mr. Miyagi | : | Hajimemashite. Dōzo yoroshiku. (How do you do? Nice to meet you.) |
| Mr. Brown | : | Buraun Robāto desu. Kochira koso, dōzo yoroshiku. (I’m Robert Brown. Nice to meet you, too.) |
Words: otto/shujin (my husband) tsuma/kanai (my wife); namae (name); musume (daughter); hitori (one person)
Practice
Listen to the conversation of two women, and answer the following questions.
| Words and Phrases: | issho (ni) (together) |
| suteki (nice/great/neat) | |
| doko (where) |
1. Pick out all interjections in the conversations, and write them below.
_______________________________
2. What is Naomi doing?
_______________________________
3. Whom is Naomi with?
_______________________________
4. What is Tomoko thinking that Naomi’s husband is like?
_______________________________
