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ОглавлениеChapter 5
Help Me!
たすけて！
| ① | Kora! | Hey you! |
| Omaetachi soko de nani yatteru n da? | What are you doing there? | |
| ② | Ǎ, nigero! | Get out of here! |
| ③ | Mate! | Wait! |
| ④ | Tsukamaeta zo. | Gotcha! |
| Kaji da! | Fire! | |
| Dareka! | Somebody! | |
| Tasukete! | Help me! |
Shaded items: Check the “Learning from the Comic” section in this chapter to learn more about these.
Learning from the Comic (page 27)
USING KORA
Kora is usually used when an adult scolds children or reprimands someone. The English equivalent of kora is “Hey (you)” but the Japanese sound is brusque, so it is used mostly by men.
| Kora, mate!Ⓜ | Hey, wait! |
| Kora, nigeru na!Ⓜ | Hey you, don’t run away! |
USING DE
De in soko de nani yatteru n da indicates the location where an action is performed. It may be translated into English as the preposition “at,” “in” or “on.”
| kaisha de | in the company | byōin de | in the hospital |
| gakkō de | at school |
USING ZO
Zo is placed at the end of a sentence and emphasizes the speaker’s feelings or thoughts. It is somewhat stronger than the particle yo (which you’ll learn about a little later). As such, it is usually used toward a friend or an inferior, and most commonly by men in informal speech.
Sometimes it is used when talking to oneself for encouragement and especially when convincing oneself about a particular decision.
Women typically use yo, wa, or wa yo instead of zo.
| Abunai zo.Ⓜ / Abunai yo. | It’s really dangerous. |
| Dekita zo!Ⓜ / Dekita wa! | I made it! |
| Ganbaru zo!Ⓜ / Ganbaru wa yo! | I’ll do my best! |
Males and Females Say It Differently
You’ve already figured out that the informal style of speech has feminine and masculine forms. These two distinctions generally are shown by differences in how you use three things: 1. interjections, 2. personal pronouns, and 3. sentence-final particles/patterns.
1. INTERJECTIONS
| A woman would say: Ara, Sumisu-san! | Ah! Mr. Smith! |
| A man would say, instead: Ǎ, Sumisu-san!Ⓜ | Oh! Mr. Smith! |
2. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
| A woman would say: | |
| Atashi wa anata no tsuma ja nai. | I’m not your wife. |
| A man would say, instead: | |
| Boku wa kimi no otto ja nai.Ⓜ | I’m not your husband. |
3. SENTENCE-FINAL PARTICLES/ENDING PATTERNS
| A woman would say: | |
| Kono kitte atarashii wa yo! | This stamp is certainly new. |
| A man would say, instead: | |
| Kono kitte atarashii zo.Ⓜ | This stamp is certainly new. |
Practice
Write the Japanese equivalent of the following expressions, using rōmaji (Roman letters). If you are male, write it using the male speech form; if you’re female, use the female speech form.
1. How do you do?
_______________________________
2. Help me!
_______________________________
3. Here you are!
_______________________________
4. Nice to meet you, too.
_______________________________
5. Watch out!
_______________________________
6. What could it be?
_______________________________
