Читать книгу Russia the formation of the state in the 9th century Veneds and the severjans (northerners), part of the Huns, which became the basis of a new community - Сергей Соловьёв - Страница 16

During the excavation of the Zeleny Yar archaeological site in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, scientists discovered several mummified remains of ancient people. One of the mummies belonged to a beautiful young woman.

Specialists from the Institute for the Problems of Northern Development, together with colleagues from the National University of Seoul, began to study the mummies found during excavations of the archaeological complex “Zeleny Yar”, located 40 kilometers east of Salekhard. It consists of three monuments: a bronze casting workshop of the 6th-7th centuries. AD, burial ground VIII – IX centuries. and a burial ground of the XIII century. The first excavations were carried out here in 1976; since then, scientists have uncovered 70 burials, including collective ones. Fragments of ceramics, remnants of fur clothing and shoes, as well as copper objects: a bracelet, a cauldron and plates from a cauldron were found in them. The burials date back to the VIII – IX and XIII centuries; either men or children were laid to rest in them, but not a single adult woman has yet been found. The first female burial was opened only in the 2017 field season. The woman lived in the 12th century. A copper mask covered her face, which ensured his safety. Scientists managed to restore the appearance of the deceased – during her lifetime she was quite beautiful, had thick hair, long eyelashes and strong teeth. Fragments of the body, wrapped in birch bark and fur, are worse preserved. To date, scientists have only managed to establish that her height was 155 centimeters, and she died at the age of about 35 years.

The archaeological complex near the village of Zeleny Yar was discovered in 1997 during the work of the Russian-American expedition under the “Living Yamal” project. Excavations began there in 1999. It soon became clear that the complex consists of three parts: a bronze casting workshop of the 6th-7th centuries AD, a burial ground of the 8th-9th centuries and a burial ground of the 13th century. In 1999—2002, scientists uncovered 35 burials, 14 of which belonged to an early burial ground, and the rest – to a burial ground of the 13th century. The mummified remains of people were first discovered there: one adult man and four children aged one to two and six to seven years.

The medieval necropolis near the village of Zeleny Yar was discovered in 1997. Consists of three monuments: a bronze casting workshop of the VI – VII centuries. AD, a burial ground of the 8th – 9th centuries. and a burial ground of the XIII century. In 1999—2002, 35 burials were uncovered. For the first time, the mummified remains of one adult man and four children aged 1—2 and 6—7 years were discovered.

In July 2015, scientists found a birch bark cocoon, 1.3 meters long and about 30 cm wide, in which they found the mummy of a boy, presumably who died at the age of six to seven years. In a late burial ground, the remains of people buried in wooden sarcophagi, boats or wrapped in birch bark were found. All buried persons are dressed in fur clothes. In the space between the graves, they found bronze (copper) cauldrons with deliberately punctured bottoms, silver dishes and jewelry made of silver and bronze.

The mountains of the modern Urals in ancient times were called by the name of Yama-Ima – the mountains of Imaum. So they are signed on most ancient geographical maps. In the Middle Urals, one of the highest mountains bears the name of Yama (in India, the creator of the World) – Mount Yaman-tau. In the Northern Urals and in Yamal, near the Oka Bay, there were sacred Russian places – the abode of Maya Zlatogorka. In ancient times, on Yamal, there was a monument depicting Maya Zlatogorka (lit. Zlata Baba) and her two children – Kupala and Kostroma. This monument is depicted on many maps. There are similar images of Aphrodite with two children. In pre-Christian times, that is, until the 15th century, the Axis of Peace passed through Yamal. She was portrayed by the famous traveler Willem Barentsz on his map of the North Pole in 1598.