Читать книгу Russia the formation of the state in the 9th century Veneds and the severjans (northerners), part of the Huns, which became the basis of a new community - Сергей Соловьёв - Страница 7

Homer can be called the oldest writer. Earlier than all, the Wends are mentioned by Homer, called the Aeneians or the Aenians, and their ruler, the king of the city of Cephas in Thessaly, is called Hunei, and here we see the Huns-Huns of antiquity.

But from Kifa Guney with twenty and two ships

He sailed, leading the Aenians and the warlike, strong Perrebians,

A tribe of men who settled around Dodona cold,

The lands of those who plowed, on whom the merry Titaresus makes noise,

Quickly in Penei rushing magnificently rolling waters,

Which he does not merge anywhere with the Penei of silver,

Homer. Iliad II 748

That is, Homer indicates where the Huns-Gants lived in a time close to him – in Thessaly, where it was possible to engage in horse breeding, and the Eneta-Venets are immediately mentioned, and next to the Huns, which will be important in the future.

And they, as part of the Huns-Hans, came to Asia Minor and Hellas at the beginning of the II millennium BC. The earliest news of the Roman writers about the Wends date back to the end of the 1st-2nd centuries. n. e. and belong to Roman writers – Pliny the Elder, Publius Cornelius Tacitus and Ptolemy Claudius, and Arrian, although apparently Herodotus mentioned the Wends in the 5th century. BC BC, when he wrote that amber was brought from the Eridani River from the Enets (Venets), Quintus Curtius Rufus also wrote about them in his book about the campaign of Alexander the Great, and says that they lived in Asia Minor. According to Pliny (I century, the Wends lived on the southeastern coast of the Baltic Sea east of Vistula. Pliny the Elder and Pomponius Mela tell the story of the proconsul of Gaul Quintus Metellus Celer about how a storm nailed a ship with merchants of the Wind people (Venets) to the northern coast of Germany. For half a century, Tacitus places the Wends in the area between the Vistula River (Vistula) and the Aestia (Zsty). Tacitus hesitated in his judgment: whether to classify them as Germans or Sarmatians. Based on the fact that they “put houses”, “use shields” and “willingly move on foot”, he nevertheless considered them different from the Sarmatians,’ who live in a cart and on horseback. ‘On the Peitinger map, edited from the 1st century AD to the 5th century AD, the Wends are localized in two places, the first time (as Venadi) from the north of the Carpathians, the second (as Venedi) in the lower reaches of the Danube (in the region of the Ipotesti-Kindesh culture).

The Gothic historian Jordan, in his story “On the origin and deeds of the Getae (Getik)” (551), described the places of residence of the Veneti

“… At their left slope [the Carpathians], descending to the north, starting from the birthplace of the Vistula River, a populous tribe of Venets is located in immense spaces. Although their names now change according to different clans and localities, they are still predominantly called Sklavens and Antes. Sklavens live from the city of Novietaunai Lake, called Mursian Lake, to Dunastr [Dniester], and to the north – to Viskla [Vistula], instead of cities they have swamps and forests. The Antes, the strongest of both [tribes], spread from Danastr to Danapr [Dnieper], where the Pontic [Black] Sea forms a bend; these rivers are removed from one another at a distance of many crossings”

In the same place, at Jordan, it is mentioned that during the time of the Ostrogoth [Ostrogothic] king Germanarich (died in 375 or 376 AD), the Wends tribe was subject to him along with other Proto-Slavic tribes:

“These [Venets], as we have already told at the beginning of our exposition, – precisely when listing the tribes, – come from one root and are now known under three names: Venets, Antes, Sklavens. Although now, due to our sins, they rage everywhere, but then they all submitted to the authority of Germanarich.”

The Byzantine writer Procopius of Caesarea wrote about the Ants and Slavs in his “War with the Goths”:

“And once even the name of the Slavs and the Antes was the same. In ancient times, both of these tribes were called disputes (‘scattered’), I think, because they lived, occupying the country ‘sporaden, scattered’, in separate villages. That is why they need to occupy a lot of land. These tribes, the Slavs and the Antes, were not ruled by one person, but since ancient times they have lived in the rule of the people (democracy) and therefore happiness and unhappiness in life is considered a common thing for them”

That is, they lived in separate cities, far from each other, according to Procopius. But-the name SPORA-has another meaning in Hellenic, in the sense of seeds and sown.

Helmold, who in his “Slavic Chronicle” writes:

“Where Polonius ends, we come to the vast country of those Slavs, who in ancient times were called Vandals, but now they are Vinites, or Vinules.”

In addition to Jordan, Latin writers of the 7th-8th centuries also identified the Wends with the Slavs: in the chronicle of Fredegar (7th century), the Wends (Winedos) are mentioned more than once in connection with the Slavs (Sclavos) in connection with the events of 623:

“Slavs, called Wends”, “Slavs, who are known as Wends.”

Jonah (eng.). from Bobbio, who lived in the 7th century, in his Life of Saint Columban wrote:

“Meanwhile, the idea came to my mind to go to the borders of the Venetians (Venetiorum), who are also called the Slavs (Sclavi) …”. Anglo-Saxon writer Alcuin, who lived during the time of Charlemagne, wrote in his letter (dated 790): “But in the past year, the king with an army rushed to the Slavs (Sclavos), whom we call the Vionudos…”.

The Oslavs were written by Patriarch Photius, Leo the Deacon described in detail the Russian-Byzantine wars.

Sigismund Herberstein argued that the word Russei comes from the translation from the Greek “sporaden”: Although rather from Rasti, Rosly.

“Your country is called Raseya because your ancestors lived absentmindedly, that is,” sporadic”

Russia, the Slavs are also mentioned in Arab sources. The “Note” by Ahmed Ibn-Fadlan is an extremely important source on the history of Eastern Europe in the 10th century. Its author visited the Volga Bulgaria as part of the embassy of the Abbasid Caliph al-Muktadir (908—932). Abu Ali Ahmed Ben-Omar Ibn-Dasta, “Al-Masoudi. Ibn Hawkal, Al-Akhtala, Al-Jarmi, Ibn Khordabeh,

Persian historian of the XIII century Fakhr ad-din Mubarak-shah Marvarrudi, Arab writer Ibn-al-Nadim in the “Book of the list of news about scientists and the names of books written by them.

Orbini mentions several times Geremia Russo, who wrote the Russian chronicles in 1227 (Orbini also calls them Muscovite chronicles). According to information from Mavro Orbini, Eremey Russian was the author of the Russian annals (Italian Annali di Russia; 1227) (sometimes as Annali di Moscovia). The composition has not reached the present time. In Orbini’s work, some passages from there are cited. His remarks about the Marcomanians, with the above inscription, show that the Marcomanians were a Slavic tribe. Eremey the Russian discovered an inscription in the mountains of Bohemia when he accompanied the ambassador of Russia (Probably the Volyn principality) to Vienna.

“This stone was placed as a sign of peace between the Crooks, us, the Marcomanians, and the Slavic brothers, the summer of our war… Let the Marcoman pass, not the Slav… the stone.. peace forever and ever.”

Mavro Orbini repeatedly mentions Eremey the Russian. Orbini mentions several times Geremia Russo, who wrote the Russian chronicles in 1227 (Orbini also calls them Muscovite chronicles). According to information from Mavro Orbini, Eremey Russian was the author of the Russian annals (Italian Annali di Russia; 1227) (sometimes as Annali di Moscovia). The composition has not reached the present time. In Orbini’s work, some passages from there are cited. His remarks about the Marcomanians, with the above inscription, show that the Marcomanians were a Slavic tribe. Eremey the Russian discovered an inscription in the mountains of Bohemia when he accompanied the ambassador of Russia (Probably the Volyn principality) to Vienna.

“This stone was placed as a sign of peace between the crooks, us, the Marcomanians, and the Slavic brothers, the summer of our war… Let the Marcoman pass, not the Slav… the stone.. peace forever and ever.”

Most likely, Eremey Russky comes from Galicia-Volyn Rus, in general, the political activity of the Volyn princes in Austria was associated with the kinship of Danila Galitsky and Friedrich Babenberg, their mothers were cousins, that is, in this vein, the embassy of Eremey the Russian to Vienna, to the court of the duke Austria is quite justified. Who can this be? Most likely, one of the close boyars Daniil Romanovich. The name Eremey (Jeremiah) was often used in Western Russia, and the most famous is the famous Jeremiah Vishnevetsky. Eremey Russian is an elderly Russian historian about whom reliable information remains.

And not only Finnish, but also Swedish. The historian Olaf Dalin writes about this in his history of Sweden, he wrote: “Hunagard (the country of the Huns). Previously, this country was called Vanaland or Vanland after the Van, that is, the Wends. “And then he clarified: “… the Vans are the ancestors of the Huns… Vanland is one with Hunagard.” [Olaf Dalin, 110] Another Swedish historian, Olaf Vereli, expressed himself no less definitely on this matter: “By the name of the Huns, our ancestors (Swedes) understood Slavs, later called Windows or Veneti.”