Читать книгу Russia the formation of the state in the 9th century Veneds and the severjans (northerners), part of the Huns, which became the basis of a new community - Сергей Соловьёв - Страница 6

The Tidrek saga or Wilkin saga (Thidhrekssaga, Wilkinasaga) is a collection of northern sagas, almost the only source of the Germanic heroic saga. This meeting appeared in the second half of the 13th century in Norway; its author used partly the stories of Lower German, partly the poems of his homeland. Next to the Norwegian edition, preserved in the only old manuscript, there is also an Old Swedish revision of this saga (mid-15th century), compiled by order of King Charles VIII Knutsson. Since Wilkinaland is repeatedly mentioned in the saga, the Swedish publisher Johan Peringskiöld (1715) gave it the name Vilkina Saga. The Norwegian edition was published in Oslo by KR Unger in 1853 under the title “Saga Didriks, Konungs af Bern” The enmity of the two kingdoms is described further: Vilkinaland and Rusiland. The first kingdom was ruled by Vilkinus (Norse Vilkinus), and the second by Hertnit (Norse Hertnið). After Vilkinus’ death, Gertnit conquered Vilkiniland. Before his death, Gertnit divided his possessions between three sons: the elder Ozantrix (Ósantrix) received Vilkinaland, the younger Valdimar (Valdimarr) Rusiland and Pulinaland, and the son of the concubine Ilias became the Jarl of Greece. “King Gertnit had two sons by his wife, the eldest was called Ozantrix, the younger Valdemar, and the third son, whom he had from a concubine, was called Ilias, he was a peaceful and friendly husband.”

“And the third son, whom he (Gertnit) had from his concubine, was called Ilya – he was a peaceful and affable husband.” (Chapter 25), “A little time later, King Gertnit put his son as ruler in Greece, what was called Elijah, and gave him the dignity of a jarl, he was a great ruler and a strong knight” (Chapter 26).

Before his death, Gertnit divided his possessions between his sons: the eldest, Ozantrix (Norwegian Ósantrix), became the king of the Wilkins (obviously, the Wiltsian lutichi),

(This name, Ozantrix, is more reminiscent of Asana “legends of Slaven and Rousse.” Ozant-riks, where Riks is just a title, and the name Ozant-Asan.) (Norwegian Ilias) – Greek Jarl. After the death of Gertnit, the saga reports, his sons fought bloody wars with the Huns of Attila and Tidrek, who came to his aid.

Legends and epic works of both Low German and High German origin brought to us the image of the epic Russian hero Ilya Muromets in a somewhat unusual “western” environment for him.

In the spielman’s poem “Ortnit”, created at the beginning of the 13th century in southeastern Germany, the plot is localized in the Lombard kingdom, that is, separate legends that have existed since at least the 4th-6th centuries are used.) Ilya Muromets appears in this poem as a Russian king and as a noble relative of the powerful Lombard king Ortnit. It is Ilya who advises the young king to go in search of future queens to the Middle East, to the land of the Saracens, and then accompanies Orthnita in this dangerous enterprise.

Dô sprach von den Riuzen der künic Vljas,

wan er dâ nach Ortnîden der tiweriste was.

ich weiz eine frouwen schoene und wol geborn,

der gebat nie man, er hiete daz houbet sîn verlorn.

In the Russian epic, Volkh-Veles appears as a deity born of the Dragon, here is the younger son, like Ivan Tsarevich. The form of the name Vljas, is identical to Veles or Volkh, and Ilya the Russian is identical to Veles-Volkh – he also goes on a march to the south (Hike to Syria, not India, as in the epic), where he gets a wife, though not to himself, as in the epic “Volkh Vseslavovich”, and brother Ortnit. (Probably, it is probably that the name Arthur can be traced here). This myth is similar to the legend about three brothers dividing the world – one to the left, the other to the right, and the younger one knows where, in this case, to Greece. The Spielman epic is a unique phenomenon in its own way. German spielmans of the 11th – 13th centuries represented the most democratic and mobile layer in the written literature of that time.