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Different italian marbles never exploited in the past or only locally exploited were used in architecture, among many others. The configuration and shape of building stones were chosen according to the texture of each stone: slabs of various thickness (cladding or flooring, blending the gradation 42of colours or the arrangement of veins), moulded elements (decoration), squared blocks (pillar, column), monolithic pieces (column). The finishing of the surfaces was almost always the polishing.

Some significant stones of different nature, coming from different Italian regions (from Piedmont to Latium, from Friuli to Tuscany, from Lombardy to Liguria), are described in this study.

IGNEOUS

— Rosso Pantheon (red granite)

— Sienite della Balma (violet syenite)

— Diorite nera di Anzola (black amphibole gabbro)

— Porfido monumentale (purple ignimbrite)

SEDIMENTARY

— Zandobbio (pink dolomite)

— Ceppo di Grè/Ceppo Poltragno (conglomerate)

— Pietra di Chiampo (pink limestone)

— Pietra di Aurisina (grey limestone)

— Pietra di Finale (pink to yellow limestone)

— Rosso Amiata (red limestone)

— Portasanta di Caldana (red limestone)

— Travertino di Rapolano (light carbonate deposit)

METAMORPHIC

— Verde Alpi (green, white veined ophicalcite)

— Rosso di Lèvanto (red or green ophicalcite)

— Verde Roja (green clayey schist).

MARBLE

— Marmo di Valle Strona (grey, veined)

— Marmo di Lasa (white, veined)

— Fior di pesco carnico (grey, pink spots)

— Calacatta, Cipollino (white or green, veined)

Each stone is discussed in order to enhance: macroscopic and microscopic features together with decay phenomena caused by weathering agents (Biondelli 2004b); geological settings (Ispra 1976, Ispra 2012); quarry sites (Peverelli and Squarzina 1939, Pieri 1966); use and application in architecture, mainly in Milan, but also in other important cities (Grandi 1980, Gramigna 2001, Pierini 2017).