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“Garipçe Formation” consists of green, greenish-gray, purple and black colored andesite, basaltic andesite, agglomerate, volcanic breccia, lava and tuff combined rocks occurred in Upper Creteaous geological era (Angı et al. 2018). Macroscopic and microscopic views of samples from “Garipçe Formation” can be seen in Table 2.

Acid loss and ignition loss tests applied on mortars and various binder/aggregate ratios were observed (Table 3). As the ignition loss test results indicate that the samples have lower ratios of CaCO3 than acid loss test results, it can be said that mortars of the castle had carbonated aggregates.

Aggregates of mortars were observed by optical microscopy after acid loss tests. Regarding the observations on aggregates, mortars have mainly siliceous aggregates with a little amount of brick. Observations show that the siliceous aggregates are composed of mainly volcanic rocks, quartz and 50feldspar. On the other hand, aggregates of Sample M9 (cistern wall plaster) are mainly composed of bricks with a little amount of siliceous aggregates. Salt and SEM-EDS analysis indicate that samples taken from the places facing the sea have a high amount of chlorine and conductivity (Table 4).

Table 2: Macroscopic and microscopic views of stone samples from Rumelifeneri Fortress.