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We designed the strategy for two phases. First was to be three years, from 2015 to 2017, and focused on making sure that all the infrastructure and regulation was going to be up and ready. Second phase then, from 2017 to the end of 2021, was to build on these, to really transform the city, the society, the economy from services, transactions, and data perspective.

In infrastructure, we aimed to create a digital backbone for the city—to have a full stack of new infrastructure designed from blueprint to enable Dubai to grow without any limitations and on open standards so that any kind of new technologies could be plugged into it. We made sure not to be tied to any specific technology or big vendors as such.

We also designed a new business model and a law for government and the private sector to join in public-private partnerships, or PPP. We also had to get in place the previously lacking proper regulation about data: from understanding what we meant by data to classifying data, making sure that data storage and dissemination was to be well documented, and so on. We then had to train government on that new regulation; we even got some degree courses out there. We made some regulations concerning open source, cloud, the internet-of-things.