Читать книгу Health Promotion Programs - (SOPHE) Society for Public Health Education - Страница 51
Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
ОглавлениеAccording to a Gallup report, the percentage of American adults identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ+) increased to 4.5 percent in 2017, up from 4.1 percent in 2016 and 3.5 percent in 2012 (Newport, 2020). Research suggests that LGBTQ+ persons face health inequities linked to societal stigma, discrimination, and denial of their civil and human rights. Discrimination against LGBTQ+ persons has been associated with high rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Experiences of violence and victimization are frequent for LGBTQ+ persons, and have long-lasting effects on the individuals and the community. Personal, family, and social acceptance of gender identity affects the mental health and personal safety of LGBTQ+ individuals. There is evidence that:
LGBTQ+ youth are 2 to 3 times more likely to attempt suicide.
LGBTQ+ youth are more likely to be homeless.
Lesbians are less likely to get preventive services for cancer.
Gay men are at higher risk of HIV and other STDs, especially among communities of color.
Lesbians and bisexual females are more likely to be overweight or obese.
Transgender individuals have a high prevalence of HIV/STDs, victimization, mental health issues, and suicide and are less likely to have health insurance than heterosexual or LGBTQ+ individuals.
Elderly LGBTQ+ individuals face additional barriers to health because of isolation and a lack of social services and culturally competent providers.
LGBTQ+ populations have the highest rates of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use.