Читать книгу Health Promotion Programs - (SOPHE) Society for Public Health Education - Страница 52

One in four adults—61 million Americans—have a disability that impacts major life activities (Okoro et al., 2018). Disability is more common among women, non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives, adults with lower income and adults in rural areas. Mobility and cognition disability are the two most common disability types, followed by independent living, hearing, vision, and self-care; disability and income are directly associated.

In general, people with disabilities are more likely to report anxiety, pain, sleeplessness, and depression (Aro et al., 2019). Health professionals may need to make additional efforts to reach out to this population group, as people with disabilities are more likely to have behavioral health risks such as obesity, smoking, and being physically inactive, all of which can lead to poorer health and premature death. Adults with any disability were more likely to die of any cause compared to adults without any disability. Women with disabilities and those who are minorities experience additional social and environmental barriers that make them more vulnerable to certain health conditions. For instance, disabled women are more likely to suffer from pain, fatigue, osteoporosis, obesity, and depression. Disabled minorities are often said to be in double jeopardy because they have two characteristics: being disabled and being from a minority group that place them at greater risk for health disparities (Jones & Sinclair, 2008).