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Healthy People 2030 objectives are intended to inform action toward improving health and well-being. These objectives—known as Leading Health Indicators (LHIs)—help organizations, communities, and states across the nation focus their resources and efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people (U.S. Department of Health and Human Service, n.d.). The indicators are a select set of objectives on high-priority health issues and challenges. While all of Healthy People 2030’s objectives are important, the LHIs are chosen to draw attention to those that have the highest potential for impact.

LHIs are organized into five distinctive topics, including: 1) health conditions (e.g., cancer, diabetes, infectious disease); 2) health behaviors (e.g., family planning, physical activity, vaccination); 3) populations (e.g., infants, LGBTQ+, people with disability); 4) settings and systems (e.g.,environmental health, health policy, housing); and 5) social determinants (e.g., education access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, social, and community context). However, since LHIs focus on upstream measures, many factors that contribute to health inequity and social injustice cut across these five priority topics and specifically address social determinants of health, health disparities, and health equity. For instance, Healthy People 2030 includes objectives on housing affordability, food security and hunger, safe and active transportation, education access and quality, better employment conditions and economic stability; as well as creating neighborhoods and environments that promote health and safety. Such objectives are achieved through community engagement and coalition building across sectors (e.g., housing, business, transportation, healthcare, etc.).