Читать книгу Nursing and Health Interventions - Souraya Sidani - Страница 82

The experiential approach relies on input from the target client population to elicit the implicit theory or construction of the health problem requiring intervention. Exploring the target client population's perspective on how the problem is experienced in daily life and on the most important factors contributing to the problem is critical for designing interventions that are relevant, appropriate, and potentially effective in addressing the problem as actually experienced (Clark, 2015; Huntink et al., 2014; Leask et al., 2019; O'Brien et al., 2016; Wight et al., 2016; Yardley et al., 2015). The experiential approach is consistent with the principles of public or client engagement in research and in co‐designing services, and with the collaborative participatory approach to research (Greenlagh et al., 2016). The highlight of this approach is that researchers work closely with members of the target client population to uncover the population's view of the health problem.

The experiential approach entails holding meetings with members of the target client population to formulate the population's perception of the health problem, its indicators, determinants, and consequences. Although the meetings can be scheduled with individual members (based on their comfort and preference), holding group sessions offers more advantages (Hawkins et al., 2017; O'Brien et al., 2016). Through group discussion, the members have the opportunity to exchange ideas; respond to each other's comments; question, clarify, elaborate, and explain points; and reach agreement that captures collective, in‐depth, and comprehensive knowledge of the health problem (Sidani et al., 2017). Further, the group interaction promotes open and honest discussion of the problem, and prevents members from giving socially desirable and potentially misleading information. This, in turn, increases the likelihood of gaining collective knowledge of the problem that transcends individual idiosyncrasies and accurately captures the target population's perspective (Vogt et al., 2004). Participants in the group sessions are selected to represent a broad range of those who experience the problem, thereby ensuring that a variety of viewpoints are accounted for when describing the target client population's perspective. The number of participants in each group session should not exceed 12, to enable active and meaningful participation by all members. Multiple sessions may be held to accommodate participants representing different subgroups of the population (defined in terms of sociodemographic and health characteristics).

The group discussion should be carefully planned and executed in order to capture the target client population's conceptualization or construction of the health problem. Two procedures have been used to attain this goal, and are briefly reviewed here, as applied to gaining an understanding of the problem: concept mapping (Trochim, 1989; O'Brien et al., 2016; Vijn et al., 2018) and the first step of the integrated cultural adaptation strategy (Sidani et al., 2017).