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Stephen R. Bolsover
Cell Biology
Читать книгу Cell Biology - Stephen R. Bolsover - Страница 1
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Страница 1
Table of Contents
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Guide
Pages
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1 A LOOK AT CELLS AND TISSUES
ONLY TWO TYPES OF CELL
Cell Division
VIRUSES
ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
Example 1.1 Sterilization by Filtration
IN DEPTH 1.1 OUR ANCESTOR, THE ARCHAEON
CELL SPECIALIZATION IN ANIMALS
STEM CELLS AND TISSUE REPLACEMENT
THE CELL WALL
MICROSCOPES REVEAL CELL STRUCTURE
The Modern Light Microscope
The Transmission Electron Microscope
The Scanning Electron Microscope
FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY
Increasing the Resolution of Fluorescence Microscopes
Fluorescent Proteins
BrainBox 1.1 Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, and Roger Tsien
SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
REVIEW QUESTIONS
THOUGHT QUESTION
2 MEMBRANES AND ORGANELLES
BASIC PROPERTIES OF CELL MEMBRANES
ORGANELLES BOUNDED BY DOUBLE‐MEMBRANE ENVELOPES
The Nucleus
IN DEPTH 2.1
WATER, WATER (AND AQUAPORINS) EVERYWHERE
Example 2.1 DNA Destruction in the Cytosol
Mitochondria
ORGANELLES BOUNDED BY SINGLE MEMBRANES
Peroxisomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Medical Relevance 2.1 Lysosomal Storage Disorders
THE CONNECTED CELL
Organelle Junctions
Cell Junctions
IN DEPTH 2.2 MY OLD MAM
Example 2.2 Gap Junctions Keep Eggs Healthy
SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
REVIEW QUESTIONS
THOUGHT QUESTION
Страница 57
3 DNA STRUCTURE AND THE GENETIC CODE
THE STRUCTURE OF DNA
IN DEPTH 3.1 WE HAVE A SECOND GENOME IN OUR CELLS
The DNA Molecule Is a Double Helix
Hydrogen Bonds Form Between Base Pairs
DNA Strands Are Antiparallel
Example 3.1 Erwin Chargaff's Puzzling Data
The Two DNA Strands Are Complementary
DNA AS THE GENETIC MATERIAL
PACKAGING OF DNA MOLECULES INTO CHROMOSOMES Eukaryotic Chromosomes and Chromatin Structure
Medical Relevance 3.1 Anti‐Viral Drugs for HIV
Prokaryotic Chromosomes
BrainBox 3.1 Marie Maynard Daly
Plasmids
IN DEPTH 3.2 DNA – A GORDIAN KNOT
Viruses
THE GENETIC CODE Amino Acids and Proteins
Reading the Genetic Code
Amino Acid Names Are Abbreviated
The Code Is Degenerate but Unambiguous
Start and Stop Codons and the Reading Frame
The Code Is Nearly Universal
Missense Mutations
BrainBox 3.2 William Warrick Cardozo
Medical Relevance 3.2
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
REVIEW QUESTIONS
THOUGHT QUESTION
4 DNA AS A DATA STORAGE MEDIUM
DNA REPLICATION
The DNA Replication Fork
PROTEINS OPEN UP THE DNA DOUBLE HELIX DURING REPLICATION
DnaA Protein
DnaB and DnaC Proteins
Single‐Stranded DNA‐Binding Proteins
BIOCHEMISTRY OF DNA REPLICATION
Medical Relevance 4.1 Inhibiting DNA Polymerase Fights Cancer
Example 4.1 The Meselson and Stahl Experiment
DNA Synthesis Requires an RNA Primer
RNA Primers Are Removed
The Self‐Correcting DNA Polymerase
Mismatch Repair Backs Up the Proofreading Mechanism
DNA REPAIR AFTER REPLICATION
Spontaneous and Chemically Induced Base Changes
Repair Processes
GENE STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION IN EUKARYOTES Introns and Exons – Additional Complexity in Eukaryotic Genes
Medical Relevance 4.2 Bloom's Syndrome and Xeroderma Pigmentosum
The Major Classes of Eukaryotic DNA
IN DEPTH 4.1 THERE ARE MORE PROTEINS THAN GENES IN MULTI‐CELLULAR ORGANISMS
GENE NOMENCLATURE
IN DEPTH 4.2 GENOME PROJECTS
BrainBox 4.1 Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider, and Jack Szostak
SUMMARY
FURTHER READING
REVIEW QUESTIONS
THOUGHT QUESTION
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