Читать книгу Cell Biology - Stephen R. Bolsover - Страница 79

The code shown in Figure 3.9 is the one used by organisms as diverse as E. coli and humans for their nuclear‐encoded proteins. It was originally thought that the code would be universal. However, several mitochondrial genes use UGA to mean tryptophan rather than stop. The nuclear code for some unicellular eukaryotes uses UAA and UAG to code for glutamine rather than stop.

Figure 3.10. Reading frames. The genetic code is read in blocks of three.

Figure 3.11. Mutations that alter the sequence of bases.