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William Warrick Cardozo.

Source: AAREG. Image from https://aaregistry.org/story/sickle‐cell‐pioneer‐willliam‐w‐cardozo/.

The peculiar shape of red blood cells in patients with sickle cell anemia was first described in 1910 but little experimental investigation had been conducted until William Warrick Cardozo published a paper in 1937 reporting a comprehensive study of the largest number of patients ever tested for the disease. Cardozo was a pediatrician whose research on sickle cell anemia was conducted during a two‐year fellowship in pediatrics at the Children's Memorial Hospital and Provident Hospital in Chicago. Cardozo's findings confirmed the heritability of the disorder and revealed that “the sickling factor remains within the cell, no matter how long preserved, as long as the cell itself remains intact.” He concluded that future therapeutic interventions would need to be interventions on the cell itself. Today, the only cure for sickle cell anemia is a stem cell or bone marrow transplant that replaces the damaged red blood cells with healthy ones.