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ACAlternating currentAFMAtomic force microscopeAM0Air mass zeroAM1Air mass one (atmospheric transmission)ANSIAmerican national standards instituteAPDAvalanche photodiodeARAntireflection (coating)ASAstigmatismASDAcceleration spectral densityASMEAmerican society of mechanical engineersBBOBarium borateBRDFBi-directional reflection distribution functionBSBeamsplitterBSDFBi-directional scattering distribution functionCADComputer aided designCCDCharge coupled deviceCDCompact discCGHComputer generated hologramCIECommission Internationale de l'EclairageCLAConfocal length aberrationCMMCo-ordinate measuring machineCMOSComplementary metal oxide semiconductorCMPChemical mechanical planarisationCNCComputer numerical controlCOComaCOTSCommerical off-the-shelfCTECoefficient of thermal expansiondBDecibelDCDirect currentDFBDistributed feedback (laser)DIDistortionE-ELTEuropean extremely large telescopeEMCCDElectron multiplying charge coupled deviceESAEuropean space agencyf#F number (ratio of diameter to focal distance)FATFactory acceptance testFCField curvatureFEAFinite element analysisFELFilament emission lampFELFree electron laserFFTFast Fourier transformFRDFocal ratio degradationFSRFree spectral rangeFTFourier transformFTIRFourier transform infra-red (spectrometer)FTRFourier transform (spectrometer)FWHMFull width half maximumGRINGraded index (lens or fibre)HEPAHigh- efficiency particulate air (filter)HSTHubble space telescopeHWPHalf waveplateIESTInstitute of environmental sciences and technologyIFUIntegral field unitIICCDImage intensifying charge coupled deviceIRInfraredISOInternational standards organisationJWSTJames Webb space telescopeKDPPotassium dihydrogen phosphateKMOSK-band multi-object spectrometerLALongitudinal aberrationLCDLiquid crystal displayLEDLight emitting diodeLIDARLight detection and rangingMTFModulation transfer functionNANumerical apertureNASANational Aeronautics and Space AdministrationNEPNoise equivalent powerNIRSPECNear infrared spectrometerNISTNational institute of standards and technology (USA)NMINational measurement instituteNPLNational physical laboratory (UK)NURBSNon-uniform rational basis splineOPDOptical path differenceOSAOptical society of AmericaOTFOptical transfer functionPDPhotodiodePMTPhotomultiplier tubePPLNPeriodically poled lithium niobatePSDPower spectral densityPSFPoint spread functionPTFEPolytetrafluoroethylenePVPeak to valleyPVAPolyvinyl alcoholPVrPeak to valley (robust)QMAQuad mirror anastigmatQTHQuartz tungsten halogen (lamp)QWPQuarter waveplateRMSRoot mean squareRSSRoot sum squareSASpherical aberrationSISystème InternationaleSLMSpatial light modulatorSNRSignal to noise ratioTATransverse aberrationTETransverse electric (polarisation)TGGTerbium gallium garnetTMTransverse magnetic (polarisation)TMAThree mirror anastigmatTMTThirty metre telescopeUSAFUnited States AirforceUVUltravioletVCSELVertical cavity surface emitting laserVPHVolume phase hologramWDMWavelength division multiplexingWFEWavefront errorYAGYttrium aluminium garnetYIGYttrium iron garnetYLFYttrium lithium fluoride