Читать книгу Applied Organic Chemistry - Surya K. De - Страница 13
List of Abbreviations
ОглавлениеAbbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
Å | Ångström | NA |
Ac | Acetyl | |
Acac | Acetylacetonyl | |
AIBN | 2,2′‐Azobisisobutyronitrile | |
Alloc | Allyloxycarbonyl | |
Aq | Aqueous | With water |
Ar | Aryl | Substituted aromatic ring |
9‐BBN | 9‐Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane | |
BINAL‐H | 2,2′‐Dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl lithium aluminum hydride | |
BINAP | 2,2′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl | |
BINOL | 1,1′‐Bi‐2,2′‐naphthol | |
BMS | Borane dimethyl sulfide complex | H3B • SMe2 |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
Boc | tert‐Butoxycarbonyl | |
BOM | Benzyloxymethyl | |
b.p. | Boiling point | NA |
BPO | Benzoyl peroxide | |
Bn | Benzyl | |
br | Broad | NA |
Bz | Benzoyl | |
n‐Bu | n‐Butyl | |
t‐Bu | tert‐Butyl | |
°C | Degree Celsius | NA |
13C NMR | Carbon NMR | NA |
CAN | Ceric ammonium nitrate | (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 |
cat. | Catalytic | NA |
Cbz (Z) | Benzyloxycarbonyl | |
conc. | Concentrated | NA |
COSY | Correlation spectroscopy | NA |
CDI | Carbonyldiimidazole | |
CSA | Camphorsulfonic acid | |
CTAB | Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide | |
Δ | Chemical shift in ppm | NA |
d | Doublet | NA |
DABCO | 1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
DAST | Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride | |
Dba | Dibenzylideneacetone | |
DBAD | Di‐tert‐butyl azodicarboxylate | |
DBU | 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene | |
DCC | N,N′‐Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide | |
DCE | 1,2‐Dichloroethane | |
DCM | Dichloromethane | CH2Cl2 |
DCU | N,N′‐Dicyclohexylurea | |
DDQ | 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone | |
de | Diastereomeric excess | NA |
DEAD | Diethyl azodicarboxylate | |
DET | Diethyl tartrate | |
DHP | 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran | |
(DHQ)2PHAL | Bis(dihydroquinino)phthalazine |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
(DHQD)2‐PHAL | Bis(dihydroquinidino)phthalazine | |
DIAD | Diisopropyl azodicarboxylate | |
DAIB (DIB) | (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene | |
DIBAL‐H | Diisobutylaluminum hydride | |
DIC | Diisopropylcarbodiimide | |
DIEA (DIPEA) | Diisopropylethylamine | |
DIPT | Diisopropyl tartrate | |
DMA | N,N‐Dimethylacetamide | |
DMAP | 4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminopyridine | |
DME | 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane | |
DMF | N,N‐Dimethylformamide | |
DMP | Dess–Martin periodinane |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
DMPS | Dimethylphenylsilyl | |
DMS | Dimethyl sulfide | |
DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide | |
DPPA | Diphenylphosphoryl azide | |
DPS (TBDPS) | tert‐Butyldiphenylsilyl | |
DTT (DTE) | 1,4‐Dithioerythritol | |
E1 | Unimolecular elimination | NA |
E2 | Bimolecular elimination | NA |
EDC (EDCI) | 1‐Ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide | |
EDG | Electron‐donating group | NA |
EDTA | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | |
ee | Enantiomeric excess | NA |
Ei | Intramolecular syn elimination | NA |
Et | Ethyl | |
Equiv. | Equivalent | NA |
EWG | Electron‐withdrawing group | NA |
Fmoc | 9‐Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl | |
Fp | Flash point | NA |
g | Grams | NA |
GC | Gas chromatography | NA |
h | Hour | NA |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
HATU | O‐(7‐Azabenzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate | |
HBTU | Hexafluorophosphate Benzotriazole Tetramethyl Uronium | |
HFIP | 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (hexafluoroisopropanol) | |
HMDS | 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexamethyldisilazane | |
HMPA | Hexamethylphosphoric acid triamide (hexamethylphosphoramide) | |
HMPT | Hexamethylphosphorous triamide | |
HOAt | 1‐Hydroxy‐7‐azabenzotriazole | |
HOBt | 1‐Hydroxybenzotriazole | |
HOMO | Highest occupied molecular orbital | NA |
HPLC | High‐performance liquid chromatography | NA |
HTIB | [Hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene | |
Hz | Hertz | NA |
1H NMR | Proton NMR | NA |
HMBC | Heteronuclear multiple bond coherence | NA |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
HSQC | Heteronuclear single quantum coherence | NA |
IBX | o‐Iodoxybenzoic acid | |
IPA | Isopropyl alcohol | |
IR | Infrared spectroscopy | NA |
J | Coupling constant | NA |
KHMDS | Potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide | |
L | Ligand | NA |
LAH | Lithium aluminum hydride | LiAlH4 |
LHMDS (LiHMDS) | Lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide | |
Liq. | Liquid | NA |
LiTMP (LTMP) | Lithium 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidide | |
L.R. | Lawesson's reagent 2,4‐Bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐1,3,2,4‐dithiadiphos‐phetane‐2,4‐disulfide | |
L‐selectride | Lithium tri‐sec‐butylborohydride | |
LTA | Lead tetraacetate | Pb(OAc)4 |
LUMO | Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital | NA |
Lut | 2,6‐Lutidine | |
m | Meta | NA |
m | Multiplet | NA |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
M | Moles/liter | NA |
m‐CPBA | meta‐Chloroperbenzoic acid | |
Me | Methyl | −−CH3 |
MEM | (2‐Methoxyethoxy)methyl | |
MIC | Methyl isocyanate | |
min | Minute | NA |
mg | Milligrams | NA |
ml | Milliliters | NA |
Mol | Moles | NA |
mmol | Millimoles | NA |
μl | Microliters | NA |
MOM | Methoxymethyl | |
m.p. | Melting point | NA |
Ms | Mesyl (methanesulfonyl) | |
MS | Mass spectrometry | NA |
MS | Molecular sieves | NA |
MSA | Methanesulfonic acid | |
MSDS | Material safety data sheet | NA |
MTBE | Methyl tert‐butyl ether | |
MVK | Methyl vinyl ketone | |
Mv | Microwave | NA |
n | Normal (e.g. unbranched alkyl chain) | NA |
NaHMDS | Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide Sodium hexamethyldisilazane | |
NBS | N‐Bromosuccinimide |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
NCS | N‐Chlorosuccinimide | |
NIS | N‐Iodosuccinimide | |
NMM | N‐Methylmorpholine | |
NMO | N‐Methylmorpholine oxide | |
NMP | N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone | |
NMR | Nuclear magnetic resonance | NA |
NSAID | Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug | NA |
Nuc/Nu | Nucleophile | NA |
o | Ortho | NA |
p | Para | NA |
Pbf | 2,2,4,6,7‐Pentamethyldihydrobenzofuran‐5‐sulfonyl | |
31P NMR | Phosphorus NMR | NA |
PBP | Pyridinium bromide perbromide | |
PCC | Pyridinium chlorochromate | |
PDC | Pyridinium dichromate |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
Pd2(dba)3 | Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium | |
Pd(dppf)Cl2 | [1,1′‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) | |
PdCl2(PPh3)2 | Bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) dichloride | |
Pd(PPh3)4 | Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) | (Ph3P)4Pd |
PhI(OH)OTs | [Hydroxyl(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene | |
PEG | Polyethylene glycol | |
Ph | Phenyl | |
PHAL | Phthalazine | |
PIFA | Phenyliodonium bis(trifluoroacetate) | |
Piv | Pivaloyl | |
PMB | p‐Methoxybenzyl | |
PMP | 4‐Methoxyphenyl |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
PNB | p‐Nitrobenzyl | |
ppm | Parts per million | NA |
PPTS | Pyridinium p‐toluenesulfonate | |
Pr | Propyl | |
P.T. | Proton transfer | NA |
PTAB | Phenyltrimethylammonium perbromide | |
PTSA (TsOH) | p‐Toluenesulfonic acid | |
r.t. (rt) | Room temperature | NA |
R f | Retention factor in chromatography | NA |
ROM | Ring‐opening metathesis | NA |
ROMP | Ring‐opening metathesis polymerization | NA |
RB (Rose Bengal) | 2,4,5,7‐Tetraiodo‐3′,4′,5′,6′‐tetrachlorofluorescein, disodium salt (a photosensitizer, dye) | |
s | Singlet | NA |
SDS | Sodium dodecyl sulfate | |
Selectfluor | N‐Chloromethyl‐N′‐fluorotriethylenediammonium bis(tetrafluoroborate) | |
SEM | 2‐(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl | |
SET | Single‐electron transfer | NA |
SNAr | Nucleophilic substitution on an aromatic ring | NA |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
SN1 | Unimolecular nucleophilic substitution | NA |
SN2 | Bimolecular nucleophilic substitution | NA |
SPB | Sodium perborate | NaBO3 |
t | Triplet | NA |
TBAB | Tetra‐n‐butylammonium bromide | |
TBAF | Tetra‐n‐butylammonium fluoride | |
TBAI | Tetra‐n‐butylammonium iodide | |
TBD | Triazabicyclodecene (1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene | |
TBDMS (TBS) | tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl | |
TBDPS (BPS) | tert‐Butyldiphenylsilyl | |
TBH | tert‐Butyl hypochlorite | |
TBHP | tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide | |
TBP | Tributylphosphine | |
TBTH | Tributyltin hydride |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
TBTSP | tert‐Butyl trimethylsilyl peroxide | |
TCCA | Trichloroisocyanuric acid | |
TCDI | Thiocarbonyldiimidazole | |
TCNE | Tetracyanoethylene | |
TCNQ | 7,7,8,8‐Tetracyano‐para‐quinodimethane | |
TEA | Triethylamine | |
TEMPO | 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy free radical | |
Teoc | 2‐(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxycarbonyl | |
TEP | Triethylphosphite | |
TES | Triethylsilyl | |
Tf | Trifluoromethanesulfonyl | |
TFA | Trifluoroacetic acid | |
TFAA | Trifluoroacetic anhydride | |
TFE | 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethanol | |
TFMSA | Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid) |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
THF | Tetrahydrofuran | |
THP | 2‐Tetrahydropyranyl | |
TIPS | Triisopropylsilyl | |
TIPS | Triisopropylsilane | |
TMP | 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine | |
TMS | Trimethylsilyl | |
TMSA | Trimethylsilyl azide | |
TMU | Tetramethylurea | |
TPAP | Tetra‐n‐propylammonium perruthenate | |
TPP | Triphenylphosphine | |
TPS | Triphenylsilane | |
Trt | Trityl (triphenylmethyl) |
Abbreviation | Name | Chemical structure |
T.S. | Transition state | NA |
Ts (Tos) | p‐Toluenesulfonyl | |
TTN | Thallium(III) trinitrate | Tl(NO3)3 |
UHP | Urea–hydrogen peroxide complex | |
Z (Cbz) | Benzyloxycarbonyl |