Читать книгу Applied Organic Chemistry - Surya K. De - Страница 17

Cooling agent	Organic solvent or inorganic salt	Temperature (°C)
Dry ice	1,4‐Dioxane	+12
Dry ice	Cyclohexane	+6
Dry ice	Benzene	+5
Dry ice	N,N‐Dimethylformamide	+2
Ice	Water	0

Cooling agent	Organic solvent or inorganic salt	Temperature (°C)
Liquid N2	Aniline	−6
Liquid N2	Ethylene glycol	−10
Liquid N2	Cycloheptane	−12
Dry ice	Benzyl alcohol	−15
Dry ice	Ethylene glycol	−15
Dry ice	Tetrahydrofuran	−22
Dry ice	Carbon tetrachloride	−23
Dry ice	1,3‐Dichlorobenzene	−25
Dry ice	o‐Xylene	−29
Liquid N2	Bromobenzene	−30
Dry ice	m‐Toluidine	−32
Dry ice	3‐Heptanone	−38
Dry ice	Pyridine	−42
Dry ice	Cyclohexanone	−46
Dry ice	Acetonitrile	−46
Dry ice	m‐Xylene	−47
Dry ice	Diethyl carbitol	−52
Dry ice	n‐Octane	−56
Dry ice	Diisopropyl ether	−60
Dry ice	Trichloroethylene	−73
Dry ice	Isopropyl alcohol	−77
Liquid N2	Butyl acetate	−77
Dry ice	Acetone	−78
Liquid N2	Isoamyl alcohol	−79
Dry ice	Sulfur dioxide	−82
Liquid N2	Ethyl acetate	−84
Liquid N2	n‐Butanol	−89
Liquid N2	Hexane	−94
Liquid N2	Acetone	−94
Liquid N2	Toluene	−95
Liquid N2	Methanol	−98
Liquid N2	Cyclohexene	−104
Liquid N2	Isooctane	−107
Liquid N2	Ethyl iodide	−109
Liquid N2	Carbon disulfide	−110
Liquid N2	Butyl bromide	−112
Liquid N2	Ethanol	−116
Liquid N2	Ethyl bromide	−119

Cooling agent	Organic solvent or inorganic salt	Temperature (°C)
Liquid N2	Acetaldehyde	−124
Liquid N2	Methylcyclohexane	−126
Liquid N2	1‐Propanol	−127
Liquid N2	n‐Pentane	−131
Liquid N2	1,5‐Hexadiene	−141
Liquid N2	Isopentane	−160
Liquid N2	None	−196
Liquid He	None	−269

Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Ice is the frozen water.

Liquid N₂ is the liquid state of nitrogen.

Liquid He is the liquid state of helium.