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Tara L. Kuther

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“Be careful with Baby Emily,” Lila warned her 22-month-old son, Michael. “She’s just 1 week old and very little. You were once little like her.” “No,” Michael said and giggled. “Big boy!” Michael picked up his teddy bear, cradled it like a baby, then held it to his chest rubbing its back, just like what he sees Mommy do with Baby Emily. In less than 2 years, Michael has transformed from a tiny infant, like Baby Emily, to a toddler who imitates what he sees and can verbally express his ideas. Like all newborns, Baby Emily is equipped with inborn sensory capacities and preferences that enable her to tune in to the world around her. Baby Emily’s abilities to think, reason, problem solve, and interact with objects and people will change dramatically over the next 2 years. In this chapter, we will explore the cognitive developments that occur during infancy and toddlerhood.