Читать книгу Infants and Children in Context - Tara L. Kuther - Страница 136

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The details are as follows.

Father: X Y

Mother: X X

Children:

 Daughter: X X (X from the father and X from the mother)

 Son: X Y (X from the mother and Y from the father)

 Daughter: X X (X from the mother and X from the father)

 Son: X Y (X from the mother and Y from the father)

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The details are presented here in a table.

r

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The details are as follows.

Father shaded black and mother unshaded gives a boy and a girl, both shaded black.

Father unshaded and mother shaded red gives a boy and a girl, both shaded red.

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The details are as follows.

 Slower growth

 Shorter in height as children and adults

 Intellectual disability

 Flat back of head

 Broad, flat face

 Almond-shaped eyes that slant up

 Small ears

 Short nose

 Small and arched palate

 Big, wrinkled tongue

 Dental anomalies

 A single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease)

 Short and broad hands

 Congenital heart disease

 Enlarged colon

 Poor muscle tone or loose joints

 Big toes widely spaced

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The horizontal axis shows the outcome and the vertical axis shows the number of outcomes in thousands, from 0 to 180 in increments of 20.

The details are as follows, with all values approximated from the graph.

 Cycles started (N equals 169,568): 170,000

 Embryo transfers (N equals 138,029): 140,000

 Pregnancies (N equals 68,988): 70,000

 Live-birth deliveries (N equals 56,028): 60,000

 Infants (N equals 58,782): 70,000

 Singleton live-birth deliveries (N equals 43,544): 40,000

 Multiple live-birth deliveries (N equals 12,484): 10,000

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The horizontal axis shows the quality of environment marked “deprived” near the origin, “average” near the center, and “enriched” near the right end. The vertical axis shows the intelligence performance (I Q).

The graph lines for the three genotypes, A, B, and C, are all rising convex curves.

The range of reaction for the three lines is as follows, with all values approximated from the graph.

Genotype A: 40 to 75

Genotype B: 45 to 120

Genotype C: 65 to more than 170

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Three images are linked together in a circle.

Image 1: A guitar placed in a corner of a living room

Image 2: A girl sitting on the front steps and playing on a guitar

Image 3: A girl performing with her guitar in front of an audience

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The horizontal axis shows the Development stage from Infancy, near the origin, through Childhood and Adolescence until Adulthood, near the right end.

The vertical axis shows degree/amount of influence marked “little or low” near the origin and “much or high” near the top.

The line labelled “evocative gene–environment” is a horizontal line halfway up the vertical axis.

The line labelled “active gene–environment” starts at the origin and rises up sharply till above the halfway mark until Childhood, after which it rises very slowly to end at Much/High in Adulthood.

The line labelled “passive gene–environment” starts at Much/High during infancy and drops down to below the halfway mark by Childhood, after which it declines more gradually, reaching Little/Low by end of adulthood.

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The horizontal side of the framework is labelled “individual development” and indicated by a rightward pointing arrow.

The framework has four rows with the bidirectional influences in each row indicated by upward and downward pointing arrows forming inverted Vs on each row.

The four rows are labelled from the bottom upward, as follows.

 Genetic activity

 Neural activity

 Behavior

 Environment (physical, social, cultural)