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 Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental TheoryProcesses of DevelopmentSensorimotor SubstagesSubstage 1: Reflexes (Birth to 1 Month)Substage 2: Primary Circular Reactions (1 to 4 Months)Substage 3: Secondary Circular Reactions (4 to 8 Months)Substage 4: Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8 to 12 Months)Substage 5: Tertiary Circular Reactions (12 to 18 Months)Substage 6: Mental Representation (18 to 24 Months)Evaluating Sensorimotor ReasoningViolation-of-Expectation TasksA-Not-B TasksDeferred Imitation TasksCore Knowledge Theory

 Information ProcessingInformation Processing SystemAttentionMemoryWorking MemoryLong-Term MemoryInfants’ ThinkingCulture and Cognitive Development

 Individual Differences in Cognitive AbilitiesTesting Infant IntelligenceInformation Processing as IntelligenceChild Care and Mental Development

 Language Development in Infancy and ToddlerhoodEarly Preferences for Speech SoundsPrelinguistic CommunicationFirst WordsLearning Words: Semantic GrowthTwo-Word UtterancesNature, Nurture, and LanguageLearning ApproachesNativist ApproachesInteractionist Approach to Language DevelopmentBiological Contributions to Language DevelopmentContextual Contributions to Language Development