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ОглавлениеChapter 2
(Lessons 5 – 10)
| Sentence Patterns Covered in Chapter 2 | ||
| Sentence Pattern 2 | NOUN + ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu. | NOUN + が+ VERB-INFINITIVE + たい です。 |
| Sentence Pattern 2A | NOUN + ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka? | NOUN + が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たい ですか？ |
| Sentence Pattern 2B | Nani ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka? | 何が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいですか？ |
| Dore ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka? | どれが + VERB-INFINITIVE + たい ですか？ | |
| Sentence Pattern 2C | Nani to nani ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka? | 何と何が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たい ですか？ |
| Dore to dore ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka? | どれとどれが + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいですか？ | |
| Sentence Pattern 3 | place + e / ikitai desu. | PLACE + へ行きたい です。 |
| Sentence Pattern 3A | place + e / ikitai desu ka? | PLACE + へ行きたい ですか？ |
| Sentence Pattern 3B | Doko e / ikitai desu ka? | どこへ行きたい ですか？ |
| Sentence Pattern 3C | Doko to doko e / ikitai desu ka? | どことどこへ行き たいですか？ |
| Sentence Pattern 4 | Hai (Ē), / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu | はい (えぇ) 、+ VERB-INFINITIVE + たいです。 |
| Sentence Pattern 5 | Iie, / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -taku arimasen. | いいえ、+ VERB- INFINITIVE + たくありません。 |
In Chapter 1 you were introduced to Japanese words borrowed from other languages. In this chapter you will learn some native Japanese words and the verbs “to eat,” “to drink,” “to see,” “to buy,” and “to go.” The sentence patterns here will teach you how to express your most basic needs as a traveler in Japan and, just as important, how to find out what your Japanese friends want to do. The chapter will end at a sushi shop, where you will have the chance to select and sample some of the many kinds of fish used in this exquisite cuisine.
Dialogue
真理 : 何が食べたいですか？
健司 : カレーライスが食べたいです。
真理 : 私はオムライスが食べたいです。
健司 : 後でどこへ行きたいですか？
真理 : そうですね。テレビが見たいですか？
健司 : いいえ、見たくありません。
真理 : 映画が見たいですか？
健司 : はい、見たいです。どれが見たいですか？
真理 : ロマンチックな映画が見たいです。
健司 : 私はアニメの映画が見たいです。
真理 : 見たくありません！
| Mari | : | Nani ga tabetai desu ka? | What do you want to eat? |
| Kenji | : | Karē raisu ga tabetai desu. | I want to eat a curry and rice dish. |
| Mari | : | Watashi wa omuraisu ga tabetai desu. | I want to eat an omelet and rice dish. |
| Kenji | : | Ato de doko e ikitai desu ka? | Where do you want to go after? |
| Mari | : | Sō desu nē. Terebi ga mitai desu ka? | Hmm. Do you want to watch television? |
| Kenji | : | Iie, mitaku arimasen. | No, I don’t want to watch (it). |
| Mari | : | Eiga ga mitai desu ka? | Do you want to see a movie? |
| Kenji | : | Hai, mitai desu. Dore ga mitai desu ka? | Yes, I’d like to see one. Which do you want to see? |
| Mari | : | Romanchikku na eiga ga mitai desu. | I’d like to see a romantic film. |
| Kenji | : | Watashi wa anime no eiga ga mitai desu. | I’d like to see an anime movie. |
| Mari | : | Mitaku arimasen! | I don’t want to see (that)! |
Dialogue vocabulary
| ato | あと | after; later |
| doko | どこ | Where? |
| dore | どれ | Which? |
| eiga | 映画 | movie |
| hai | はい | yes |
| iie | いいえ | no |
| ikitai | 行きたい | want to go |
| mitai | 見たい | want to see |
| romanchikku | ロマンチック | romantic |
| Sō desu ne. | そうですね。 | Hmm, I wonder. |
| tabetai | 食べたい | want to eat |
| terebi | テレビ | television |
• LESSON 5 •
Letting Others Know What You Want
In this lesson you will learn to say what you would like to do and where you would like to go. This will allow you to move around freely in Japan. You will also learn some basic vocabulary related to Japanese food, clothing, and handicrafts.
Vocabulary
| Useful Terms | ||
| ippin ryōri | 一品料理 | one-course meal; dishes a la carte |
| o-kanjō | お勘定 | bill, check |
| teishoku | 定食 | main dish served with soup, rice, pickles, and salad; full-course lunch or dinner |
| washoku | 和食 | Japanese-style food |
| Food Terms | ||
| go-han | ご飯 | cooked rice; meal |
| misoshiru | みそ汁 | miso soup made from soybean paste |
| mizutaki | 水炊き | simmered chicken, usually cooked at your table |
| nigirizushi | にぎり寿司 | small rolls of cooked, vinegared rice with pieces of fresh seafood on top |
| awabi | あわび | abalone |
| ebi | えび | shrimp |
| ika | いか | squid, cuttlefish |
| ikura | いくら | salmon roe |
| maguro | まぐろ | tuna |
| tako | たこ | octopus |
| toro | とろ | belly flesh of tuna (considered a delicacy) |
| uni | うに | sea urchin |
| norimaki (makizushi) | のり巻き (巻きずし) | small rolls of rice with vegetables, wrapped in nori (tissue-thin seaweed) |
| okonomiyaki | お好み焼き | Japanese-style savory pancake containing vegetables, and other food stuff |
| o-sashimi | お刺身 | slices of raw fish, served with soy sauce and wasabi (green horseradish) |
| o-sushi | お寿司 | vinegared rice topped with raw fish or wrapped in nori (tissue-thin seaweed) |
| oyako donburi | 親子丼 | rice with chicken and eggs (oyako literally means “parents and children”) |
| makunouchi teishoku | 幕の内定食 | variety of side dishes served with soup, rice, pickles, and salad; full-course lunch / dinner |
| rāmen | ラーメン | Chinese-style noodles in soup |
| shabushabu | しゃぶしゃぶ | simmered beef, usually cooked at the table |
| soba | そば | thin wheat noodles |
| sukiyaki | すき焼き | beef with vegetables, usually cooked at your table |
| takoyaki | たこ焼き | savory dumplings with octopus inside |
| tenpura | 天ぷら | batter-dipped and deep-fried shrimp, fish and vegetables |
| teppan-yaki | 鉄板焼き | meat and vegetables, usually cooked at your table on an iron grill |
| tonkatsu | トンカツ | pork cutlet |
| udon | うどん | thick wheat noodles |
| kitsune udon | きつね うどん | noodles with fried tōfu (bean curd) |
| tenpura udon | 天ぷら うどん | noodles with tenpura |
| unajū | うな重 | broiled marinated eels on cooked rice |
| yakitori | 焼き鳥 | charcoal-grilled chicken, chicken liver, and green onions on a bamboo stick |
| Drinks | ||
| agari (o-cha) | あがり (お茶） | Japanese green tea (This word is usually used only in sushi shops) |
| kōcha | 紅茶 | black tea |
| nomimono | 飲み物 | something to drink |
| o-cha | お茶 | Japanese green tea (This word can be used anywhere.) |
| o-mizu | お水 | water (This word can be used anywhere.) |
| o-sake | お酒 | Japanese rice wine, sakē |
| Clothing | ||
| geta | 下駄 | wooden clogs |
| happi | はっぴ | happi coat (a colorful, waistlength coat) |
| jinbei | 甚平 | summertime Japanese-style casual wear |
| kimono | 着物 | kimono |
| obi | 帯 | sash worn with kimono |
| yukata | 浴衣 | summer cotton kimono |
| zōri | ぞうり | Japanese-style sandals |
| Entertainment | ||
| Bunraku | 文楽 | puppet play |
| eiga | 映画 | movie |
| Kabuki | 歌舞伎 | Kabuki play |
| Nō | 能 | Noh play |
| Art and Handicrafts | ||
| byōbu | 屏風 | folding screens |
| hanga | 版画 | woodblock print |
| katana | 刀 | sword |
| kokeshi | こけし | Japanese wooden doll |
| mingeihin | 民芸品 | folkcraft objects |
| sensu | 扇子 | paper folding fan |
| shinju | 真珠 | pearl |
| sumi-e | 墨絵 | brush painting |
| takeseihin (takezaiku) | 竹製品 (竹細工) | bamboo craft objects, bamboo products |
| ukiyo-e | 浮世絵 | a particular genre of woodblock print |
| yakimono | 焼物 | pottery |
Culture and vocabulary notes
The prefixes go- and o- in go-han, o-sushi, o-cha, o-mizu, and so on make the noun more polite to Japanese ears. Male speakers sometimes omit the prefixes, but female speakers almost always use them. In some cases, for example in go-han, the prefix cannot be dropped. You are advised to use only the polite form, which is always correct.
When a noun is used as the second part of a compound word, its pronunciation often changes slightly; e.g. in nigirizushi the s of sushi changes to z. The ei in eiga (movie) is pronounced more like ē, as are the ei spellings in other Japanese words
The word o-cha refers to Japanese green tea; kōcha (literally red tea) refers to black tea.
In English you “eat” soup, while in Japanese you “drink” soup. This reflects different eating habits. In the West, you use a soup spoon and do not lift the soup bowl. In Japan, you hold the bowl (usually a piece of lacquerware) in the palm of the left hand, bring the soup bowl close to your mouth, and drink or sip the soup. Any item in the soup such as fish, vegetables, or tofu may be eaten with the help of chopsticks. Good luck in picking up tofu with chopsticks; it requires some skill! And just as a note, when you pick up an item of food with chopsticks, it’s not necessary to take it all in at one gulp. It’s quite proper to bite off just a small piece.
Grammar
The next two sentence patterns will be of great help to you in restaurants, stores, and train stations. By mastering these patterns and the new verbs they introduce, you will be able to satisfy most of your basic needs as a traveler in Japan.
More detailed notes on verb conjugation will be presented later in this book. Looking at Sentence Patterns 2 and 3, however, we can make a few initial remarks about verbs and about Japanese sentence construction. First, note that stating the subject (I, in this case) is usually not necessary in Japanese when the subject is obvious from the context of the sentence. Also, Tabetai desu by itself is a complete sentence.
| Sentence Pattern 2 | |
| NOUN + ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + tai desu.NOUN + が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいです。 | I’d like to + VERB + NOUN. |
| Examples | |
| Sukiyaki ga tabetai desu.すき焼きが食べたいです。 | I’d like to eat sukiyaki. |
| Biiru ga nomitai desu.ビールが飲みたいです。 | I’d like to drink beer. |
| Kamera ga kaitai desu.カメラが買いたいです。 | I’d like to buy a camera. |
| Kabuki ga mitai desu.歌舞伎が見たいです。 | I’d like to see a Kabuki play. |
| Sentence Pattern 3 | |
| PLACE + e / ikitai desu.PLACE + へ行きたいです。 | I’d like to go to + place. |
| Examples | |
| Kyōto e ikitai desu.京都へ行たいです。 | I’d like to go to Kyoto. |
| Nihon e ikitai desu.日本へ行たいです。 | I’d like to go to Japan. |
In Japanese, the words carrying a verbal meaning usually go at the very end of the sentence. In the previous examples, the -tai desu ending expresses the meaning “would like to do” and is attached to what we will call the verb-infinitive form of the verb. This will be explained later, but for now, memorize the following verb-infinitives and note the -tai desu endings.
| eat | tabe-食べ- | Tabetai desu.食べたいです。 | (I) would like to eat. |
| drink | nomi-飲み- | Nomitai desu.飲みたいです。 | (I) would like to drink. |
| buy | kai-買い- | Kaitai desu.買いたいです。 | (I) would like to buy. |
| see | mi-見- | Mitai desu.見たいです。 | (I) would like to see. |
| go | iki-行き- | Ikitai desu.行きたいです。 | (I) would like to go. |
The word desu here has no real function other than to make the phrase sound more polite to Japanese ears (another use of desu in the sense of English “is” or “are” will be shown later). Thus, Tabetai means exactly the same thing as Tabetai desu, but it is more informal. Such informal expressions are most often used with family members or close friends. The matter is not so simple, however, and understanding when informal speech is appropriate requires more than a little knowledge of Japanese culture. A few informal forms are presented in this book because they are commonly used or show some important characteristics of Japanese words. But you are strongly advised to use only the polite forms of speech (including the desu in Tabetai desu, the o- in o-sake) until you become more familiar with the language and the people.
In Chapter 1 you learned the sentence pattern noun o kudasai, “Please give me noun,” in which the noun (the item requested) was followed by the particle o. In Sentence Pattern 2 in this chapter, the particle ga is introduced as an object marker when the verb ends in -tai desu.
| Biiru o kudasai.ビールをください。 | Please give me a beer. |
| Biiru ga nomitai desu.ビールが飲みたいです。 | I’d like to drink beer. |
Among the younger generation in Japan, the particle o instead of ga is coming into use in the -tai desu construction. Whichever you may hear, the meaning is the same. Sentence Pattern 3 shows the particle e, which expresses direction or destination. It can be translated as “to,” and follows the noun for the direction or destination.
Practice
1. Practice saying the following sentences aloud.
(a) to eat
| O-sushi ga tabetai desu.お寿司が食べたいです。 | I’d like to eat sushi. |
| Sukiyakiすき焼き | sukiyaki. |
| Tenpura天ぷら | tenpura. |
(b) to drink
| Biiru ga nomitai desu.ビールが飲みたいです。 | I’d like to drink beer. |
| Kōhiiこーひー | coffee. |
| O-chaお茶 | tea. |
| Sūpuスープ | soup. |
(c) to buy
| Kamera ga kaitai desu.カメラが買いたいです。 | I’d like to buy a camera. |
| Rajioラジオ | radio. |
| Shiidii CD | CD. |
| Sūpuスープ | soup. |
(d) to see
| Bunraku ga mitai desu.文楽が見たいです。 | I’d like to watch a puppet play. |
| Eiga映画 | a movie. |
| Kabuki歌舞伎 | a Kabuki play. |
| Nō能 | a Noh play. |
| Terebiテレビ | television. |
(e) to go
| Hokkaidō e ikitai desu.北海道へ行きたいです。 | I’d like to go to Hokkaido. |
| Kyōto京都 | Kyoto. |
| Nihon (Nippon)日本 (ニッポン) | Japan. |
| Ōsaka大阪 | Osaka. |
| Sapporo札幌 | Sapporo. |
2. Practice Sentence Patterns 2 and 3 with the following words.
(a) to eat
| biifustēkiビーフステーキ | sukiyakiすき焼き | karē raisuカレーライス | o-sushiお寿司 |
| tenpura天ぷら | o-sashimiお刺身 | tonkatsuトンカツ | |
| (b) to drink | |||
| biiruビール | o-mizuお水 | kōhiiコーヒー | |
| orenjijūsuオレンジジュース | o-chaお茶 | o-sakeお酒 | |
| (c) to buy | |||
| happiはっぴ | obi帯 | kameraカメラ | |
| yukata浴衣 | kimono着物 | zōriぞうり | |
| (d) to see | |||
| Bunraku分楽 | Kabuki歌舞伎 | Nō能 | eiga映画 |
| (e) to go | |||
| Hiroshima広島 | Nara奈良 | Kōbe神戸 | |
| Tōkyō東京 | Ōsaka大阪 | Okayama岡山 | |
| Nagasaki長崎 | Sapporo札幌 |
• LESSON 6 •
Asking Questions and Saying “Yes”
So far you have been practicing statements. With these statements, you can express certain basic needs, but your ability to communicate is still limited. By learning to ask questions and answer them, you will be able to achieve real two-way communication.
Vocabulary
| desu ka? | ですか？ | is it? |
| ē | ええ | yes |
| hai | はい | yes |
Culture and vocabulary notes
There are two common words for “yes” in Japanese: hai (はい) and ē (ええ). Hai is a little more formal than ē. Hai (but not ē) is also used to respond when someone calls out your name.
The particle ka used at the end of a sentence makes the sentence into a question. Notice that in forming questions in Japanese there is no inversion of word order as there is in English.
Grammar
| Sentence Pattern 2A | |
| NOUN + ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + tai desu ka?NOUN + が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいですか？ | Would you like to + VERB + NOUN? |
| Examples | |
| O-sushi ga tabetai desu ka?お寿司が食べたいですか？ | Would you like to eat sushi? |
| O-sake ga nomitai desu ka?お酒が飲みたいですか？ | Would you like to drink sake? |
| Kimono ga kaitai desu ka?着物が買いたいですか？ | Would you like to buy a kimono? |
| Kabuki ga mitai desu ka?歌舞伎が見たいですか？ | Would you like to see a Kabuki play? |
| Sentence Pattern 3A | |
| PLACE + e / ikitai desu ka?PLACE + へ行きたいですか？ | Would you like to go to + PLACE? |
| Examples | |
| Nihon e ikitai desu ka?日本へ行きたいですか？ | Would you like to go to Japan? |
| Hawai e ikitai desu ka?ハワイへ行きたいですか？ | Would you like to go to Hawaii? |
| Sentence Pattern 4 | |
| Hai (Ē), / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu.はい (ええ) 、 + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいです。 | Yes, I’d like to + VERB. |
| Examples | |
| Hai (Ē), tabetai desu.はい (ええ) 、食べたいです。 | Yes, I’d like to eat (that). |
| Hai (Ē), kaitai desu.はい (ええ) 、買いたいです。 | Yes, I’d like to buy (that). |
| Hai (Ē), nomitai desu.はい (ええ) 、飲みたいです。 | Yes, I’d like to drink (that). |
| Hai (Ē), mitai desu.はい (ええ) 、見たいです。 | Yes, I’d like to see (that). |
| Hai (Ē), ikitai desu.はい (ええ) 、行きたいです。 | Yes, I’d like to go (there). |
Hai, tabetai desu is a complete sentence. You need not mention the object, which is usually understood from the context of the sentence. In English, this response often takes the form, “Yes, I’d like to.” Notice that in Japanese an appropriate verb must always be used. Hai, tabetai desu is comparable to the English “Yes, I’d like to eat (it, some, this, etc.).”
Practice
Try translating the following sentences using the sentence patterns in this lesson. Turn to page 236 for the answers.
1. Would you like to eat sukiyaki?
Yes, I’d like to eat some.
2. Would you like to drink a beer?
Yes, I’d like to drink one.
3. Would you like to buy a camera?
Yes, I’d like to buy one.
4. Would you like to watch television?
Yes, I’d like to watch it.
5. Would you like to go to Japan?
Yes, I’d like to go there.
• LESSON 7 •
Saying “No”
You practiced answering questions affirmatively in the previous lesson. Although negative answers are somewhat more complicated, it’s important to learn them. You wouldn’t want literally to be someone who can’t say no.
Vocabulary
| arimasen | ありません | does not exist |
| iie | いいえ | no |
Grammar
| Sentence Pattern 5 | |
| Iie / + VERB-INFINITIVE + taku arimasen?いいえ + VERB-INFINITIVE + たくありません。 | No, I wouldn’t like to + VERB. |
| Examples | |
| Iie, tabetaku arimasen.いいえ、食べたくありません。 | No, I wouldn’t like to eat that. |
| Iie, nomitaku arimasen.いいえ、飲みたくありません。 | No, I wouldn’t like to drink that. |
| Iie, kaitaku arimasen.いいえ、買いたくありません。 | No, I wouldn’t like to buy that. |
| Iie, mitaku arimasen.いいえ、見たくありません。 | No, I wouldn’t like to see that. |
In order to form the negative of the verb-form “would like to (do),” change the last letter -i in the affirmative -tai into -ku and add arimasen. Compare:
| VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu.VERB-INFINITIVE + たいです。 | Tabetai desu.食べたいです。 | I would like to eat. |
| VERB-INFINITIVE + -taku arimasen.VERB-INFINITIVE + たくありません。 | Tabetaku arimasen食べたく ありません。 | I would not like to eat. |
Practice
Answer the following questions first with “yes” and then with “no.”
1. Nihon e ikitai desu ka? 日本へ行きたいですか？
2. Sukiyaki ga tabetai desu ka? すき焼きが食べたいですか？
3. Biiru ga nomitai desu ka? ビールが飲みたいですか？
4. Kimono ga kaitai desu ka? 着物が買いたいですか？
5. Kyōto e ikitai desu ka? 京都へ行きたいですか？
6. Eiga ga mitai desu ka? 映画が見たいですか？
7. Kabuki ga mitai desu ka? 歌舞伎が見たいですか？
8. Kamera ga kaitai desu ka? カメラが買いたいですか？
9. O-sake ga nomitai desu ka? お酒が飲みたいですか？
10. O-sushi ga tabetai desu ka? お寿司が食べたいですか？
| Yes | No | |
| 1. | Hai (Ē), ikitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、行きたいです。 | Iie, ikitaku arimasen.いいえ。いきたくありません。 |
| 2. | Hai (Ē), tabetai desu.はい (えぇ) 、食べたいです。 | Iie, tabetaku arimasen.いいえ、食べたくありません。 |
| 3. | Hai (Ē), nomitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、飲みたいです。 | Iie, nomitaku arimasen.いいえ、飲みたくありません。 |
| 4. | Hai (Ē), kaitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、買いたいです。 | Iie, kaitaku arimasen.いいえ、買いたくありません。 |
| 5. | Hai (Ē), ikitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、行きたいです。 | Iie, ikitaku arimasen.いいえ、行きたくありません。 |
| 6. | Hai (Ē), mitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、見たいです。 | Iie, mitaku arimasen.いいえ、見たくありません。 |
| 7. | Hai (Ē), mitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、見たいです。 | Iie, mitaku arimasen.いいえ、見たくありません。 |
| 8. | Hai (Ē), kaitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、買いたいです。 | Iie, kaitaku arimasen.いいえ、買いたくありません。 |
| 9. | Hai (Ē), nomitai desu.はい (えぇ) 、飲みたいです。 | Iie, nomitaku arimasen.いいえ、飲みたくありません。 |
| 10. | Hai (Ē), tabetai desu.はい (えぇ) 、食べたいです。 | Iie, tabetaku arimasen.いいえ、食べたくありません。 |
• LESSON 8 •
Asking “What?” and “Which One?”
The next sentence pattern will enable you to ask “What would you like to (do)?” and “Which (one) would you like to (do)?”
Vocabulary
| Dore? | どれ？ | Which? |
| Dore to dore? | どれとどれ？ | Which things? (plural) |
| Nani? | 何？ | What? |
| Nani to nani? | 何と何？ | What things? (plural) |
Grammar
| Sentence Pattern 2B | |
| Nani ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka?何が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいですか？ | What would you like to + VERB? |
| Examples | |
| Nani ga tabetai desu ka?何が食べたいですか？ | What would you like to eat? |
| Nani ga nomitai desu ka?何が飲みたいですか？ | What would you like to drink? |
| Nani ga kaitai desu ka?何が買いたいですか？ | What would you like to buy? |
| Nani ga mitai desu ka?何が見たいですか？ | What would you like to see? |
| Dore ga tabetai desu ka?どれが食べたいですか？ | Which one would you like to eat? |
| Dore ga nomitai desu ka?どれが飲みたいですか？ | Which one would you like to drink? |
| Dore ga kaitai desu ka?どれが買いたいですか？ | Which one would you like to buy? |
| Dore ga mitai desu ka?どれが見たいですか？ | Which one would you like to see? |
The next sentence pattern is Sentence Pattern 2B with only a slight change. The literal translation of Sentence Pattern 2C is “What and what (or which and which) would you like to eat (drink, buy, etc.)?” This expression is rarely used in English but is often used in Japanese when the speaker wishes to ask if there is more than one thing that his listener would like to do or have. The number of items in the answer is not necessarily limited to two, even though the question here uses nani and dore twice only.
| Sentence Pattern 2C | |
| Nani to nani ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka?何と何が + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいですか？ | What things would you like to + VERB? |
| Dore to dore ga / + VERB-INFINITIVE + -tai desu ka?どれとどれが + VERB-INFINITIVE + たいですか？ | Which things would you like to + VERB? |
| Example | |
| Nani to nani ga tabetai desu ka?何と何が食べたいですか？ | What things would you like to eat? |
| Nani to nani ga nomitai desu ka?何と何が飲みたいですか？ | What things would you like to drink? |
| Nani to nani ga kaitai desu ka?何と何が買いたいですか？ | What things would you like to buy? |
| Nani to nani ga mitai desu ka?何と何が見たいですか？ | What things would you like to see? |
| Dore to dore ga tabetai desu ka?どれとどれが食べたいですか? | Which things would you like to eat? |
| Dore to dore ga nomitai desu ka?どれとどれが飲みたいですか? | Which things would you like to drink? |
| Dore to dore ga kaitai desu ka?どれとどれが買いたいですか? | Which things would you like to buy? |
| Dore to dore ga mitai desu ka?どれとどれが見たいですか? | Which things would you like to see? |
Practice
1. Practice saying the following short dialogues aloud.
| Nani ga tabetai desu ka?何が食べたいですか？ | What would you like to eat? |
| O-sashimi ga tabetai desu.お刺身が食べたいです。 | I’d like to eat sashimi. |
| Nani ga nomitai desu ka?何が飲みたいですか？ | What would you like to drink? |
| Kōhii ga nomitai desu.コーヒーが飲みたいです。 | I’d like to drink coffee. |
| Nani ga kaitai desu ka?何が買いたいですか？ | What would you like to buy? |
| Kamera ga kaitai desu.カメラが買いたいです。 | I’d like to buy a camera. |
| Nani ga mitai desu ka?何が見たいですか？ | What would you like to see? |
| Kabuki ga mitai desu.歌舞伎が見たいです。 | I’d like to see a Kabuki play. |
(Pointing to an item on the menu or in the shop window)
| Dore ga tabetai desu ka?どれが食べたいですか？ | Which one would you like to eat? |
| Kore ga tabetai desu.これが食べたいです。 | I’d like to eat this. |
(Pointing to an item on the menu or in the shop window)
| Dore ga nomitai desu ka?どれが飲みたいですか？ | Which one would you like to drink? |
| Sore ga nomitai desu.それが飲みたいです。 | I’d like to drink that. |
(Pointing to an item located near the listener)
| Dore ga kaitai desu ka?どれが買いたいですか？ | Which one would you like to buy? |
| Are ga kaitai desu.あれが買いたいです。 | I’d like to buy that. |
(Pointing to an item away from both the speaker and the listener)
| Dore ga mitai desu ka?どれが見たいですか？ | Which one would you like to see? |
| Kore ga mitai desu.これが見たいです。 | I’d like to see this one. |
| (pointing to an advertisement in the newspaper) |
2. Practice saying the following dialogue aloud.
| Nani to nani ga tabetai desu ka?何と何が食べたいですか？ | What (and what) would you like to eat? |
| Biifusutēki to sarada ga tabetai desu.ビーフステーキとサラダが食べたいです。 | I’d like to eat beefsteak and salad. |
| Nani to nani ga kaitai desu ka?何と何が買いたいですか？ | What (and what) would you like to buy? |
| Kimono to kamera to terebi ga kaitai desu.着物とカメラとテレビが買いたいです。 | I’d like to buy a kimono, a camera, and a television set. |
| Nani to nani ga mitai desu ka?何と何が見たいですか？ | What (and what) would you like to see? |
| Kabuki to Bunraku ga mitai desu.歌舞伎と文楽が見たいです。 | I’d like to see a Kabuki play and a puppet play. |
3. Practice saying the following sentences aloud, substituting one word in each example.
| Dore to dore ga tabetai desu ka? | Which things would you like to eat? |
| nomitaikaitaimitai | drink?buy?see? |
| どれとどれが食べたいですか？ |
| 飲みたい 買いたい 見たい |
(Pointing to two items close to the speaker:)
| Kore to kore ga tabetai desu. | I’d like to eat these (this and this). |
| nomitaikaitaimitai | drinkbuysee |
| これとこれが食べたいです。 |
| 飲みたい 買いたい 見たい |
(Pointing to two items close to the listener:)
| Sore to sore ga tabetai desu. | I’d like to eat those (that and that). |
| nomitaikaitaimitai | drinkbuysee |
| それとそれが食べたいです。 |
| 飲みたい 買いたい 見たい |
(Pointing to two items at some distance from both the speaker and the listener:)
Are to are ga tabetai desu. I’d like to eat those over there (that and that).
| nomitaikaitaimitai | drinkbuysee |
| あれとこれが食べたいです。 |
| 飲みたい 買いたい 見たい |
• LESSON 9 •
Asking “Where?”
In this lesson, you will learn an important sentence pattern that will allow to ask “Where do you want to go?” You will learn how to ask directions to a place in Lesson 11.
Vocabulary
| Doko? | どこ | Where? |
| Doko to doko? | どことどこ？ | To what places? (plural) |
Grammar
| Sentence Pattern 3B | |
| Doko e / ikitai desu ka?どこへ行きたいですか？ | Where would you like to go? |
| Sentence Pattern 3C | |
| Doko to doko e / ikitai desu ka?どことどこへ行きたいで すか？ | Where (and where) would you like to go?[or]To what places would you like to go? |
As with nani and dore, the number of places in the answer need not be limited to two, although the question directly above uses doko twice only.
Practice
Practice these dialogues.
| Doko e ikitai desu ka?どこへ行きたいですか？ | Where would you like to go? |
| Nihon e ikitai desu.日本へ行きたいです。 | I’d like to go to Japan. |
| Doko to doko e ikitai desu ka?どことどこへ行きたいですか？ | To what places would you like to go? |
| Kyōto to Nara e ikitai desu.京都と奈良へ行きたいです。 | I’d like to go to Kyoto and Nara. |
| Doko to doko e ikitai desu ka?どことどこへ行きたいですか？ | Where (and where) would you like to go? |
| Hiroshima to Miyajima e ikitai desu.広島と宮島へ行きたいです。 | I’d like to go to Hiroshima and Miyajima. |
• LESSON 10 •
Eating at a Sushi Shop
Here you will review several of the sentence patterns and vocabulary that you have learned in previous lessons.
Vocabulary
| Irasshaimase! | いらっしゃいませ！ | Welcome! |
| Konban wa. | こんばんは。 | Good evening. |
| Konnichi wa. | こんにちは。 | Good afternoon. |
| o-kanjō | お勘定 | the bill, the check |
Culture and vocabulary notes
