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Figure 2.30 Termination of translation at a nonsense codon. In the absence of a tRNA with an anticodon capable of pairing with the nonsense codon at the A site, the ribosome stalls, and a specific release factor interacts with the A site, possibly through a specific interaction between amino acids in the release factor and the UAA nonsense codon. Translocation by translation elongation factor G (EF-G) (brown) causes dissociation of the ribosome and release factor from the mRNA, with the assistance of the ribosome release factor.

Figure 2.31 Removal of the N-terminal formyl group by peptide deformylase (A) and of the N-terminal methionine by methionine aminopeptidase (B).