Читать книгу The 2010 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 268

Agriculture - products:

coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides

Industries:

light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing

Industrial production growth rate:

7% (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 40

Electricity - production:

92 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 191

Electricity - consumption:

125.6 million kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 185

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

40 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2007 est.)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 200

Oil - consumption:

3,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 176

Oil - exports:

0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 142

Oil - imports:

2,495 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 172

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 190

Natural gas - consumption:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 202

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 196

Natural gas - imports:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 197

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 197

Current account balance:

-$136 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 80 -$127 million (2009 est.)

Exports:

$71 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 199 $68 million (2009 est.)

Exports - commodities:

coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides

Exports - partners:

Germany 21.6%, Switzerland 14.86%, Belgium 9.32%, Sweden 8.94%,

Pakistan 5.82% (2009)

Imports:

$336 million (2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 192 $275 million (2009 est.)

Imports - commodities:

capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs

Imports - partners:

Saudi Arabia 16.87%, Belgium 11.17%, Uganda 8.62%, Kenya 7.57%, China 5.66%, France 5.35%, Germany 4.46%, India 4.24%, Tanzania 4.21% (2009)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$320 million (31 December 2010 est.) country comparison to the world: 121 $323 million (31 December 2009 est.)

Debt - external:

$1.2 billion (2003) country comparison to the world: 147

Exchange rates:

Burundi francs (BIF) per US dollar - 1,250.75 (2010), 1,230.18 (2009), 1,198 (2008), 1,065 (2007), 1,030 (2006)

Communications ::Burundi

Telephones - main lines in use:

31,500 (2009) country comparison to the world: 177

Telephones - mobile cellular:

838,400 (2009) country comparison to the world: 149

Telephone system:

general assessment: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relays

domestic: telephone density one of the lowest in the world; fixed-line connections stand at well less than 1 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular usage is increasing but remains at a meager 10 per 100 persons

international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (2009)

Broadcast media:

state-controlled La Radiodiffusion et Television Nationale de Burundi (RTNB) operates the lone TV broadcast station and the only national radio network; about 10 privately-owned radio broadcast stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available in Bujumbura (2007)

Internet country code:

.bi

Internet hosts:

201 (2010) country comparison to the world: 194

Internet users:

157,800 (2009) country comparison to the world: 147

Transportation ::Burundi

Airports:

8 (2010) country comparison to the world: 161

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 1

over 3,047 m: 1 (2010)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 7

914 to 1,523 m: 4

under 914 m: 3 (2010)

Heliports:

1 (2010)

Roadways:

total: 12,322 km country comparison to the world: 129 paved: 1,286 km

unpaved: 11,036 km (2004)

Waterways:

mainly on Lake Tanganyika between Bujumbura, Burundi's principal port, and lake ports in Tanzania, Zambia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (2010)

Ports and terminals:

Bujumbura

Military ::Burundi

Military branches:

National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationale, FDN): Army (includes naval detachment and Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2010)

Military service age and obligation:

military service is voluntary; the armed forces law of 31 December 2004 did not specify a minimum age for enlistment, but the government had previously said each recruit must have a primary school-leaving certificate; mandatory retirement age 45 (enlisted), 50 (NCOs), and 55 (officers) (2010)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 2,099,541

females age 16–49: 2,118,918 (2010 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 1,337,935

females age 16–49: 1,414,035 (2010 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 111,829

female: 111,802 (2010 est.)

Military expenditures:

5.9% of GDP (2006 est.) country comparison to the world: 10

Transnational Issues ::Burundi

Disputes - international:

Burundi and Rwanda dispute sections of border on the Akanyaru/Kanyaru and the Kagera/Nyabarongo rivers, which have changed course since the 1960s, when the boundary was delimited; cross-border conflicts among Tutsi, Hutu, other ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces persist in the Great Lakes region

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

refugees (country of origin): 9,849 (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

IDPs: 100,000 (armed conflict between government and rebels; most

IDPs in northern and western Burundi) (2007)

page last updated on January 12, 2011

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@Cambodia (East & Southeast Asia)

Introduction ::Cambodia

Background:

Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, descendants of the Angkor Empire that extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire, ushering in a long period of decline. The king placed the country under French protection in 1863 and it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953. In April 1975, after a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh and evacuated all cities and towns. At least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, forced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, began a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy under a coalition government. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The remaining elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Some of the surviving Khmer Rouge leaders have been tried or are awaiting trial for crimes against humanity by a hybrid UN-Cambodian tribunal supported by international assistance. Elections in July 2003 were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. In October 2004, King Norodom SIHANOUK abdicated the throne and his son, Prince Norodom SIHAMONI, was selected to succeed him. Local elections were held in Cambodia in April 2007, with little of the pre-election violence that preceded prior elections. National elections in July 2008 were relatively peaceful.

Geography ::Cambodia

Location:

Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand,

Vietnam, and Laos

Geographic coordinates: