Читать книгу The 2004 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 63

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Military Haiti

Military branches:

Haitian National Police (HNP)

note: the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been

demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are

constitutionally abolished

Military manpower - military age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary recruitment into the police force (2001)

Military manpower - availability:

males age 15–49: 1,792,112 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:

males age 15–49: 975,341 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

males: 97,429 (2004 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:

$25.8 million (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

0.9% (2003)

Transnational Issues Haiti

Disputes - international:

despite efforts to control illegal migration, Haitians fleeing

economic privation and civil unrest continue to cross into Dominican

Republic and to sail to neighboring countries; Haiti claims

US-administered Navassa Island

Illicit drugs:

major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US

and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian

narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial

transactions; pervasive corruption

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Introduction Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Background:

These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred

from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal

and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.

Geography Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Location:

islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from

Madagascar to Antarctica

Geographic coordinates:

53 06 S, 72 31 E

Map references:

Antarctic Region

Area:

total: 412 sq km

water: 0 sq km

land: 412 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

0 km

Coastline:

101.9 km

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm

Climate:

antarctic

Terrain:

Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by

a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak);

McDonald Islands - small and rocky

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m

Natural resources:

fish

Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)

Irrigated land:

0 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:

Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island

Environment - current issues:

People Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Population: uninhabited (July 2004 est.)

Government Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Country name:

conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald

Islands

conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Dependency status:

territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the

Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment

and Heritage

Legal system:

the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply

Diplomatic representation in the US:

none (territory of Australia)

Diplomatic representation from the US:

none (territory of Australia)

Flag description:

the flag of Australia is used

Economy Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Economy - overview:

No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government

allows limited fishing around the islands.

Communications Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Internet country code: .hm

Transportation Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Ports and harbors: none; offshore anchorage only

Military Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Military - note:

defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts

fisheries patrols

Transnational Issues Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Disputes - international: none

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@Holy See (Vatican City)

Introduction Holy See (Vatican City)

Background:

Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula

for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many

of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of

Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when

Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner"

popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties,

which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted

Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat

between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier

treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the

Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include

religious freedom, international development, the Middle East,

terrorism, the failing health of Pope JOHN PAUL II, interreligious

dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine

in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people

worldwide profess the Catholic faith.

Geography Holy See (Vatican City)

Location:

Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)

Geographic coordinates:

41 54 N, 12 27 E

Map references:

Europe

Area:

total: 0.44 sq km

water: 0 sq km

land: 0.44 sq km

Area - comparative:

about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC

Land boundaries: total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km

Coastline:

0 km (landlocked)

Maritime claims:

none (landlocked)

Climate:

temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry

summers (May to September)

Terrain:

low hill

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: unnamed location 19 m

highest point: unnamed location 75 m

Natural resources:

none

Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2001)

Irrigated land:

0 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:

Environment - current issues:

Environment - international agreements:

party to: none of the selected agreements

signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification

Geography - note:

urban; landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state;

outside the Vatican City, 13 buildings in Rome and Castel Gandolfo

(the pope's summer residence) enjoy extraterritorial rights

People Holy See (Vatican City)

Population:

921 (July 2004 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.01% (2004 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

Nationality:

noun: none

adjective: none

Ethnic groups:

Italians, Swiss, other

Religions:

Roman Catholic

Languages:

Italian, Latin, French, various other languages

Literacy: definition: NA total population: 100% male: NA female: NA

Government Holy See (Vatican City)

Country name:

conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City)

conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City)

local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)

local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano)

Government type:

ecclesiastical

Capital:

Vatican City

Administrative divisions:

none

Independence:

11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed

with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the

full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial

extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the

years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the

8th century

National holiday:

Coronation Day of Pope JOHN PAUL II, 22 October (1978)

Constitution:

new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 26 November

2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law

of 1929)

Legal system:

based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it

Suffrage:

limited to cardinals less than 80 years old

Executive branch:

chief of state: Pope JOHN PAUL II (since 16 October 1978)

head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo SODANO (since

1 December 1990)

cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope

elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals;

election last held 16 October 1978 (next to be held after the death

of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope

election results: Karol WOJTYLA elected pope

Legislative branch:

unicameral Pontifical Commission

Judicial branch:

there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal

matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues

pertaining to the Holy See

note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pius

XII on 1 May 1946

Political parties and leaders:

none

Political pressure groups and leaders:

none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)

International organization participation:

CE (observer), IAEA, ICFTU, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM (guest), OAS

(observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, UPU, WIPO,

WToO (observer), WTrO (observer)

Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Gabriel MONTALVO telephone: [1] (202) 333–7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337–4036 chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674–3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575–8346

Flag description:

two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the

crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the

white band

Economy Holy See (Vatican City)

Economy - overview:

This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an

annual contribution from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the

world, as well as by special collections (known as Peter's Pence);

the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos;

fees for admission to museums; and the sale of publications.

Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable

portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers

are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.

Population below poverty line:

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA

Labor force:

Labor force - by occupation:

essentially services with a small amount of industry; note -

dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live

outside the Vatican

Budget:

revenues: $245.2 million

expenditures: $260.4 million, including capital expenditures of NA

(2002)

Industries:

printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps, a small

amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and

financial activities

Electricity - production:

NA kWh

Electricity - consumption:

NA kWh

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh

Electricity - imports:

NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy

Economic aid - recipient:

none

Currency:

euro (EUR)

Currency code:

EUR

Exchange rates:

euros per US dollar - 0.886 (2003),1.1324 (2002), 1.1175 (2001),

1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Holy See (Vatican City)

Telephones - main lines in use:

Telephones - mobile cellular:

Telephone system:

general assessment: automatic exchange

domestic: tied into Italian system

international: country code - 39; uses Italian system

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 3, FM 4, shortwave 2 (1998)

Radios:

Television broadcast stations:

1 (1996)

Televisions:

Internet country code:

.va

Internet hosts:

9 (2004)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

Internet users:

Transportation Holy See (Vatican City)

Highways:

none; all city streets

Ports and harbors:

none

Airports:

none (2003 est.)

Military Holy See (Vatican City)

Military branches:

Swiss Guards Corps (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera)

Military - note:

defense is the responsibility of Italy; Swiss Papal Guards are

posted at entrances to the Vatican City to provide security and

protect the Pope

Transnational Issues Holy See (Vatican City)

Disputes - international: none

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

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@Honduras

Introduction Honduras

Background:

Part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an

independent nation in 1821. After two and one-half decades of mostly

military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in

1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista

contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to

Salvadoran Government forces fighting against leftist guerrillas.

The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed

about 5,600 people and caused approximately $2 billion in damage.

Geography Honduras

Location:

Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and

Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean),

between El Salvador and Nicaragua

Geographic coordinates:

15 00 N, 86 30 W

Map references:

Central America and the Caribbean

Area:

total: 112,090 sq km

land: 111,890 sq km

water: 200 sq km

Area - comparative:

slightly larger than Tennessee

Land boundaries:

total: 1,520 km

border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua

922 km

Coastline:

820 km

Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Climate:

subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains

Terrain:

mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point: Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m

Natural resources:

timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal,

fish, hydropower

Land use: arable land: 9.55% permanent crops: 3.22% other: 87.23% (2001)

Irrigated land:

760 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:

frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to

damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast

Environment - current issues:

urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and

the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land

degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development

and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands;

mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest

source of fresh water), as well as several rivers and streams, with

heavy metals

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto

Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law

of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,

Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography - note:

has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline,

including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast

People Honduras

Population:

6,823,568

note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the

effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower

life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower

population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of

population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July

2004 est.)

Age structure:

0–14 years: 41.2% (male 1,434,555; female 1,376,216)

15–64 years: 55.1% (male 1,866,219; female 1,896,027)

65 years and over: 3.7% (male 118,404; female 132,147) (2004 est.)

Median age:

total: 19 years

male: 18.6 years

female: 19.4 years (2004 est.)

Population growth rate:

2.24% (2004 est.)

Birth rate:

31.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Death rate:

6.64 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Net migration rate:

−1.99 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female

total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 29.64 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 25.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

male: 33.22 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 66.15 years

male: 64.99 years

female: 67.37 years (2004 est.)

Total fertility rate:

3.97 children born/woman (2004 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

1.8% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

63,000 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

4,100 (2003 est.)

Nationality:

noun: Honduran(s)

adjective: Honduran

Ethnic groups:

mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black

2%, white 1%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority

Languages:

Spanish, Amerindian dialects

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write

total population: 76.2%

male: 76.1%

female: 76.3% (2003 est.)

Government Honduras

Country name:

conventional long form: Republic of Honduras

conventional short form: Honduras

local short form: Honduras

local long form: Republica de Honduras

Government type:

democratic constitutional republic

Capital:

Tegucigalpa

Administrative divisions:

18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida,

Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco

Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz,

Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro

Independence:

15 September 1821 (from Spain)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 15 September (1821)

Constitution:

11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995

Legal system:

rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of

English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning

Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system;

accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

Suffrage:

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Executive branch:

chief of state: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27 January

2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since 27

January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE LOPEZ

Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President Alberto DIAZ

Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is both the chief

of state and head of government

head of government: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27

January 2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since

27 January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE

LOPEZ Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President

Alberto DIAZ Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is

both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president

elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term;

election last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held 27 November

2005)

election results: Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (PN) elected president -

52.2%, Raphael PINEDA Ponce (PL) 44.3%, others 3.5%

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats;

members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their

party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held 27 November

2005)

election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party -

PN 61, PL 55, PUD 5, PDC 4, PINU-SD 3

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are

elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress)

Political parties and leaders:

Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Juan Ramon VELAZQUEZ Nassar];

Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; Liberal Party or

PL [Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Innovation and Unity

Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban F. VALLADARES];

National Party of Honduras or PN [Jose Celin DISCUA Elvir]; United

Confederation of Honduran Workers or CUTH

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH;

Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of

Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT;

Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National

Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of

Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran

Workers or FUTH

International organization participation:

ABEDA, BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU,

ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO

(subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OAS,

OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,

WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Mario Miguel CANAHUATI honorary consulate(s): Atlanta, Boston, Detroit, Jacksonville consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco FAX: [1] (202) 966–9751 telephone: [1] (202) 966–7702 chancery: Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Ambassador Larry Leon PALMER embassy: Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa mailing address: American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa telephone: [504] 238–5114, 236–9320 FAX: [504] 236–9037

Flag description:

three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with

five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in

the white band; the stars represent the members of the former

Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador,

Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El

Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words

REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white

band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a

triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and

AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band

Economy Honduras

Economy - overview:

Honduras, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere

with an extraordinarily unequal distribution of income and massive

unemployment, is banking on expanded trade privileges under the

Enhanced Caribbean Basin Initiative and on debt relief under the

Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. While the country

has met most of its macroeconomic targets, it has failed to meet the

IMF's goals to liberalize its energy and telecommunications sectors.

Growth remains dependent on the status of the US economy, its major

trading partner, on commodity prices, particularly coffee, and on

reduction of the high crime rate.

GDP:

purchasing power parity - $17.55 billion (2003 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

3% (2003 est.)

GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2003 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 12.8% industry: 31.9% services: 55.3% (2003 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

24% of GDP (2003)

Population below poverty line:

53% (1993 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 0.6% highest 10%: 42.7% (1998)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

56.3 (1998)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

7.7% (2003 est.)

Labor force:

2.41 million (2003 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture 34%, industry 21%, services 45% (2001 est.)

Unemployment rate:

27.5% (2003 est.)

Budget:

revenues: $1.342 billion

expenditures: $1.744 billion, including capital expenditures of $106

million (2003)

Public debt:

57.8% of GDP (2003)

Agriculture - products:

bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp

Industries:

sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products

Industrial production growth rate:

7.7% (2003 est.)

Electricity - production:

3.778 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

3.822 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2001)

Electricity - imports:

308 million kWh (2001)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - consumption:

29,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports:

NA (2001)

Oil - imports:

NA (2001)

Current account balance:

$-279.6 million (2003)

Exports:

$1.37 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Exports - commodities:

coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber (2000)

Exports - partners:

US 65.5%, El Salvador 3.5%, Guatemala 2.4% (2003)

Imports:

$3.11 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials,

chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs (2000)

Imports - partners:

US 53.1%, El Salvador 4.5%, Mexico 3% (2003)

Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

$1.439 billion (2003)

Debt - external:

$5.246 billion (2003)

Economic aid - recipient:

$557.8 million (1999)

Currency:

lempira (HNL)

Currency code:

HNL

Exchange rates:

lempiras per US dollar - 17.3453 (2003), 16.4334 (2002), 15.4737

(2001), 14.8392 (2000), 14.2132 (1999)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

Communications Honduras

Telephones - main lines in use:

322,500 (2002)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

326,500 (2002)

Telephone system:

general assessment: inadequate system

domestic: NA

international: country code - 504; satellite earth stations - 2

Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave

System

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998)

Radios:

2.45 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997)

Televisions:

570,000 (1997)

Internet country code:

.hn

Internet hosts:

1,944 (2003)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

8 (2000)

Internet users:

168,600 (2002)

Transportation Honduras

Railways: total: 699 km narrow gauge: 279 km 1.067-m gauge; 420 km 0.914-m gauge (2003)

Highways: total: 13,603 km paved: 2,775 km unpaved: 10,828 km (1999 est.)

Waterways:

465 km (most navigable only by small craft) (2004)

Ports and harbors:

La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto

Lempira

Merchant marine:

total: 238 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 598,600 GRT/616,158 DWT

registered in other countries: 16 (2004 est.)

foreign-owned: Argentina 1, Bahrain 1, British Virgin Islands 1,

Bulgaria 1, Cayman Islands 1, China 4, Costa Rica 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt

5, El Salvador 1, Greece 16, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Israel 1,

Italy 1, Japan 2, Jordan 1, South Korea 9, Lebanon 4, Liberia 4,

Maldives 2, Marshall Islands 3, Mexico 1, Nigeria 2, Panama 10,

Philippines 1, Russia 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and

the Grenadines 1, Saudi Arabia 1, Singapore 22, Spain 1, Taiwan 2,

Tanzania 1, Thailand 1, Turkey 2, Turks and Caicos Islands 1, United

States 7, Vanuatu 1, Vietnam 1

by type: bulk 12, cargo 139, chemical tanker 5, combination bulk 1,

container 5, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger 3,

passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 54, refrigerated cargo 8, roll

on/roll off 4, short-sea/passenger 3

Airports:

115 (2003 est.)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)

Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 104 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 18 under 914 m: 84 (2004 est.)

Military Honduras

Military branches:

Army, Navy (including Naval Infantry), Air Force

Military manpower - military age and obligation:

18 years of age for voluntary 2–3 year military service (2004)

Military manpower - availability:

males age 15–49: 1,642,029 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service:

males age 15–49: 977,130 (2004 est.)

Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

males: 76,143 (2004 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure:

$99.8 million (2003)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

1.5% (2003)

Transnational Issues Honduras

Disputes - international:

in 1992, ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed

areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras border, and the OAS is

assisting with a technical resolution of bolsones; in 2003, the ICJ

rejected El Salvador's request to revise its decision on one

bolsone; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a

maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca with consideration of

Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny

Conejo Island, not mentioned by the ICJ, off Honduras in the Gulf of

Fonseca; Honduras claims Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize but

agreed to creation of a joint ecological park and Guatemalan

corridor in the Caribbean in the failed 2002 Belize-Guatemala

Differendum; Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and

against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over a complex maritime dispute

in the Caribbean Sea

Illicit drugs:

transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of

cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local

consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering

activity

This page was last updated on 10 February, 2005

======================================================================

@Hong Kong

Introduction Hong Kong

Background:

Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China

the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the

19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on

19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special

Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 1 July 1997. In this

agreement, China has promised that, under its "one country, two

systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be

imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong will enjoy a high degree of

autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the

next 50 years.

Geography Hong Kong

Location:

Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China

Geographic coordinates:

22 15 N, 114 10 E

Map references:

Southeast Asia

Area:

total: 1,092 sq km

water: 50 sq km

land: 1,042 sq km

Area - comparative:

six times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries: total: 30 km regional border: China 30 km

Coastline:

733 km

Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 3 nm

Climate:

tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from

spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall

Terrain:

hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north

Elevation extremes:

lowest point: South China Sea 0 m

highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m

Natural resources:

outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar

Land use: arable land: 5.05% other: 93.94% (2001) permanent crops: 1.01%

Irrigated land:

20 sq km (1998 est.)

Natural hazards:

occasional typhoons

Environment - current issues:

air and water pollution from rapid urbanization

Environment - international agreements:

party to: Marine Dumping (associate member)

Geography - note:

more than 200 islands

People Hong Kong

Population:

6,855,125 (July 2004 est.)

Age structure:

0–14 years: 14.2% (male 510,702; female 465,145)

15–64 years: 73.3% (male 2,461,914; female 2,560,382)

65 years and over: 12.5% (male 394,697; female 462,285) (2004 est.)

Median age:

total: 39.4 years

male: 39.3 years

female: 39.6 years (2004 est.)

Population growth rate:

0.65% (2004 est.)

Birth rate:

7.23 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Death rate:

5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Net migration rate:

5.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female

under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female

15–64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female

total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

total: 2.97 deaths/1,000 live births

female: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)

male: 3.16 deaths/1,000 live births

Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 81.39 years

male: 78.72 years

female: 84.3 years (2004 est.)

Total fertility rate:

0.91 children born/woman (2004 est.)

HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

0.1% (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

2,600 (2003 est.)

HIV/AIDS - deaths:

less than 200 (2003 est.)

Nationality:

noun: Chinese/Hong Konger

adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong

Ethnic groups:

Chinese 95%, other 5%

Religions:

eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%

Languages:

Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official

Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population: 93.5%

male: 96.9%

female: 89.6% (2002)

Government Hong Kong

Country name:

conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

conventional short form: Hong Kong

local short form: Xianggang

local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu

abbreviation: HK

Dependency status:

special administrative region of China

Government type:

limited democracy

Administrative divisions:

none (special administrative region of China)

Independence:

none (special administrative region of China)

National holiday:

National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic

of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July 1997 is celebrated as

Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day

Constitution:

Basic Law approved in March 1990 by China's National People's

Congress is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"

Legal system:

based on English common law

Suffrage:

direct election 18 years of age; universal for permanent residents

living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years;

indirect election limited to about 200,000 members of functional

constituencies and an 800-member election committee drawn from broad

regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government

bodies

Executive branch:

chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)

head of government: Chief Executive TUNG Chee-hwa (since 1 July 1997)

cabinet: Executive Council consists of seven non-official members

and 14 official members; including Chief Secretary Donald TSANG

Yam-kuen (since 1 May 2001), Financial Secretary Henry TANG (since 2

August 2003), and Secretary of Justice Elsie LEUNG (since 1 July

1997)

elections: TUNG Chee-hwa was elected to a second term in March 2002

by an 800-member election committee dominated by pro-Beijing forces;

the next election is scheduled to be held in 2007

Legislative branch:

unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (60 seats; in 2004 30 seats

indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 30 elected by

popular vote; members serve four-year terms)

elections: last held 12 September 2004 (next to be held in September

2008)

election results: percent of vote by party - pro-democracy group

62%; seats by party - (pro-Beijing 34) DAB 12, Liberal Party 10,

independents 11, FTU 1; (pro-democracy 25) independents 11,

Democratic Party 9, CTU 2, ADPL 1, Frontier Party 1, NWSC 1

Judicial branch:

Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Political parties and leaders:

Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL

[Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN

Kai-chung]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong or

DAB [MA Lik, chairman]; Democratic Party [LEE Wing-tat, chairman];

Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing, chairwoman]; Liberal Party

[James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman]

note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association for

Democracy and People's Livelihood, Democratic Party, Frontier Party;

pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong,

Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party

Political pressure groups and leaders:

Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese

Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade

Unions (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE Cheuk-yan,

general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Federation

of Trade Unions (pro-China) [CHENG Yiu-tong, executive councilor];

Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement

in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union

Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Hong

Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG Man-kwong, president]; The

Alliance [Bernard CHAN, exco member]

International organization participation: APEC, AsDB, BIS, ICC, ICFTU, IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), UPU, WCL, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO

Diplomatic representation in the US: none (special administrative region of China)

Diplomatic representation from the US: chief of mission: Consul General James KEITH consulate(s) general: 26 Garden Road, Hong Kong mailing address: PSC 461, Box 1, FPO AP 96521–0006 telephone: [852] 2523–9011 FAX: [852] 2524–0860

Flag description: red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in the center

Economy Hong Kong

Economy - overview:

Hong Kong has a free market economy highly dependent on

international trade. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw

materials must be imported. Imports and exports, including

reexports, each exceed GDP in dollar value. Even before Hong Kong

reverted to Chinese administration on 1 July 1997 it had extensive

trade and investment ties with China. Hong Kong has been further

integrating its economy with China because China's growing openness

to the world economy has increased competitive pressure on Hong

Kong's service industries, and Hong Kong's re-export business from

China is a major driver of growth. Per capita GDP compares with the

level in the four big economies of Western Europe. GDP growth

averaged a strong 5% in 1989–1997, but Hong Kong suffered two

recessions in the past 6 years because of the Asian financial crisis

in 1998 and the global downturn of 2001–2002. The Severe Acute

Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak also battered Hong Kong's

economy, but a boom in tourism from the mainland because of China's

easing of travel restrictions, a return of consumer confidence, and

a solid rise in exports resulted in the resumption of strong growth

in late 2003.

GDP:

purchasing power parity - $213 billion (2003 est.)

GDP - real growth rate:

3.3% (2003 est.)

GDP - per capita:

purchasing power parity - $28,800 (2003 est.)

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 0.1% industry: 12.1% services: 87.9% (2003 est.)

Investment (gross fixed):

22.3% of GDP (2003)

Population below poverty line:

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: NA

highest 10%: NA

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

−2.6% (2003 est.)

Labor force:

3.5 million (2003 est.)

Labor force - by occupation:

manufacturing 8.2%, construction 2.9%, wholesale and retail trade,

restaurants, and hotels 43.5%, financing, insurance, and real estate

19.5%, transport and communications 7.8%, community and social

services 17.8% (Note: above data exclude public sector) (2002 est.)

Unemployment rate:

7.9% (2003)

Budget:

revenues: $26.17 billion

expenditures: $32.64 billion, including capital expenditures of $5

billion (2003)

Agriculture - products:

fresh vegetables, poultry, fish, pork

Industries:

textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping, electronics,

plastics, toys, watches, clocks

Industrial production growth rate:

−9.2% (2003 est.)

Electricity - production:

30.48 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - consumption:

37.12 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - exports:

1.581 billion kWh (2001)

Electricity - imports:

10.36 billion kWh (2001)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - consumption:

257,000 bbl/day (2001 est.)

Oil - exports:

NA (2001)

Oil - imports:

NA (2001)

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - consumption:

680.9 million cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2001 est.)

Natural gas - imports:

680.9 million cu m (2001 est.)

Current account balance:

$17.42 billion (2003)

Exports:

$225.9 billion f.o.b., including reexports (2003 est.)

Exports - commodities:

electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel, footwear,

watches and clocks, toys, plastics, precious stones

Exports - partners:

China 42.6%, US 18.7%, Japan 5.4% (2003)

Imports:

$230.3 billion (2003 est.)

Imports - commodities:

electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, foodstuffs,

transport equipment, raw materials, semimanufactures, petroleum,

plastics; a large share is reexported

Imports - partners:

China 43.5%, Japan 11.9%, Taiwan 6.9%, US 5.5%, Singapore 5%, South

Korea 4.8% (2003)

Reserves of foreign exchange & gold:

$118.4 billion (2003)

Debt - external:

$59.21 billion (2003 est.)

Currency:

Hong Kong dollar (HKD)

Currency code:

HKD

Exchange rates:

Hong Kong dollars per US dollar - 7.7868 (2003), 7.7989 (2002),

7.7988 (2001), 7.7912 (2000), 7.7575 (1999)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

Communications Hong Kong

Telephones - main lines in use:

3,801,300 (2003)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

7,241,400 (2003)

Telephone system:

general assessment: modern facilities provide excellent domestic

and international services

domestic: microwave radio relay links and extensive fiber-optic

network

international: country code - 852; satellite earth stations - 3

Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); coaxial cable to

Guangzhou, China; access to 5 international submarine cables

providing connections to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan,

Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 5, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2004)

Radios:

4.45 million (1997)

Television broadcast stations:

4 (2004)

Televisions:

1.84 million (1997)

Internet country code:

.hk

Internet hosts:

591,993 (2003)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

17 (2000)

Internet users:

3,212,800 (2003)

Transportation Hong Kong

Highways: total: 1,831 km paved: 1,831 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Ports and harbors:

Hong Kong

Merchant marine:

total: 663 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 20,478,042 GRT/34,554,455 DWT

registered in other countries: 569 (2004 est.)

foreign-owned: Australia 2, Belgium 1, British Virgin Islands 1,

China 178, Cyprus 1, Denmark 3, France 2, Germany 14, Greece 4,

India 9, Indonesia 2, Japan 22, South Korea 2, Malaysia 3, Monaco 9,

Norway 16, Panama 4, Philippines 17, Singapore 22, Taiwan 3,

Thailand 1, United Kingdom 22, United States 1

by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 364, cargo 78, chemical tanker 23,

combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 3, container 97, liquefied

gas 20, multi-functional large load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 60,

refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea/passenger 1,

specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 4

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