Читать книгу The 2008 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 44

Exchange rates:

afghanis (AFA) per US dollar - NA (2007), 46 (2006), 47.7 (2005), 48 (2004), 49 (2003)

Communications

Afghanistan

Telephones - main lines in use:

280,000 (2005)

Telephones - mobile cellular:

5.4 million (2008)

Telephone system:

general assessment: limited landline telephone service; an increasing number of Afghans utilize mobile-cellular phone networks in major cities domestic: aided by the presence of multiple providers, mobile-cellular telephone service is improving rapidly international: country code - 93; five VSAT's installed in Kabul, Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif, Kandahar, and Jalalabad provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity (2007)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 21, FM 5, shortwave 1 (broadcasts in Pashto, Dari (Afghan

Persian), Urdu, and English) (2006)

Radios:

167,000 (1999)

Television broadcast stations:

at least 7 (1 government-run central television station in Kabul and regional stations in 6 of the 34 provinces) (2006)

Televisions:

100,000 (1999)

Internet country code:

.af

Internet hosts:

31 (2008)

Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

1 (2000)

Internet users:

580,000 (2007)

Communications - note:

Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as well as public "telekiosks" in Kabul (2005)

Transportation

Afghanistan

Airports:

46 (2007)

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 12 over 3,047 m: 4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 34 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 16 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 9 (2007)

Heliports:

9 (2007)

Pipelines:

gas 466 km (2007)

Roadways:

total: 42,150 km paved: 12,350 km unpaved: 29,800 km (2006)

Waterways:

1,200 km (chiefly Amu Darya, which handles vessels up to 500 DWT) (2007)

Ports and terminals:

Kheyrabad, Shir Khan

Military

Afghanistan

Military branches:

Afghan Armed Forces: Afghan National Army (ANA, includes Afghan

National Army Air Corps) (2008)

Military service age and obligation:

22 years of age; inductees are contracted into service for a 4-year term (2005)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 7,431,147 females age 16–49: 7,004,819 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 4,234,180 females age 16–49: 3,946,685 (2008 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 371,451 female: 351,295 (2008 est.)

Military expenditures:

1.9% of GDP (2006 est.)

Transnational Issues

Afghanistan

Disputes - international:

Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to foreign terrorists and other illegal activities

Refugees and internally displaced persons:

IDPs: 132,246 (mostly Pashtuns and Kuchis displaced in south and west due to drought and instability) (2007)

Illicit drugs:

world's largest producer of opium; poppy cultivation increased 17% to a near-record 202,000 hectares in 2007; good growing conditions pushed potential opium production to a record 8,000 metric tons, up 42% from last year; if the entire opium crop were processed, 947 metric tons of heroin potentially could be produced; drug trade is a source of instability and the Taliban and other antigovernment groups participate in and profit from the drug trade; widespread corruption impedes counterdrug efforts; most of the heroin consumed in Europe and Eurasia is derived from Afghan opium; vulnerable to drug money laundering through informal financial networks; regional source of hashish

This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

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@Akrotiri

Introduction

Akrotiri

Background:

By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The southernmost and smallest of these is the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Western Sovereign Base Area.

Geography

Akrotiri

Location:

Eastern Mediterranean, peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus

Geographic coordinates: