Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 426

Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 4.3%

highest 10%: 22.4% (1996)

Distribution of family income - Gini index:

26 (2005) country comparison to the world: 129 25.4 (1996)

Investment (gross fixed):

24% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 59

Budget:

revenues: $93.42 billion

expenditures: $96.09 billion (2008 est.)

Public debt:

26.8% of GDP (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 78 33.5% of GDP (2004 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

6.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 107 2.9% (2007 est.)

Central bank discount rate:

2.25% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 128 3.5% (31 December 2007)

Commercial bank prime lending rate:

6.25% (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 134 5.79% (31 December 2007)

Stock of money:

$86.55 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 14 $84.43 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of quasi money:

$58.6 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 27 $58.77 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of domestic credit:

$110.5 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 37 $103.9 billion (31 December 2007)

Market value of publicly traded shares:

$48.85 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 53 $73.42 billion (31 December 2007)

$48.6 billion (31 December 2006)

Agriculture - products:

wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, hops, fruit; pigs, poultry

Industries:

motor vehicles, metallurgy, machinery and equipment, glass, armaments

Industrial production growth rate:

3.8% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 69

Electricity - production:

82.72 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 34

Electricity - consumption:

61.65 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 39

Electricity - exports:

19.99 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

8.52 billion kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

16,080 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 77

Oil - consumption:

212,800 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 56

Oil - exports:

22,560 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 88

Oil - imports:

213,900 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 46

Oil - proved reserves:

15 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 84

Natural gas - production:

192 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 75

Natural gas - consumption:

8.719 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 49

Natural gas - exports:

968 million cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 35

Natural gas - imports:

9.573 billion cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 24

Natural gas - proved reserves:

3.964 billion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 92

Current account balance:

-$6.642 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 165 -$5.655 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$145.7 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $122.7 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

machinery and transport equipment 52%, raw materials and fuel 9%, chemicals 5% (2003)

Exports - partners:

Germany 30.6%, Slovakia 9.2%, Poland 6.5%, France 5.3%, UK 4.8%,

Austria 4.7%, Italy 4.6% (2008)

Imports:

$139.4 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 30 $116.8 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

machinery and transport equipment 46%, raw materials and fuels 15%, chemicals 10% (2003)

Imports - partners:

Germany 30.3%, Slovakia 6.6%, Poland 6.4%, Russia 6.2%, Netherlands 5.6%, Austria 5.2%, China 4.9%, Italy 4.1% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$36.68 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 35 $34.59 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$80.43 billion (31 December 2008) country comparison to the world: 41 $76.04 billion (31 December 2007)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$111.9 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 31 $101.1 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$9.913 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 46 $6.971 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Exchange rates:

koruny (CZK) per US dollar - 17.064 (2008), 20.53 (2007), 22.596 (2006), 23.957 (2005), 25.7 (2004)

Communications ::Czech Republic

Telephones - main lines in use:

2.278 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 54

Telephones - mobile cellular:

13.78 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 48

Telephone system:

general assessment: privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; access to the fixed-line telephone network expanded throughout the 1990s but the number of fixed line connections has been dropping since then; mobile telephone usage increased sharply beginning in the mid-1990s and the number of cellular telephone subscriptions now greatly exceeds the population

domestic: virtually all exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay

international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 6 (2 Intersputnik - Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions, 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar) (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 31, FM 304, shortwave 17 (2000)

Television broadcast stations:

71 (2008)

Internet country code:

.cz

Internet hosts:

3.233 million (2009) country comparison to the world: 24

Internet users:

6.028 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 38

Transportation ::Czech Republic

Airports:

122 (2009) country comparison to the world: 48

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 44

over 3,047 m: 2

2,438 to 3,047 m: 9

1,524 to 2,437 m: 12

914 to 1,523 m: 3

under 914 m: 18 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 78

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 27

under 914 m: 50 (2009)

Heliports:

1 (2009)

Pipelines:

gas 7,010 km; oil 547 km; refined products 94 km (2008)

Railways:

total: 9,620 km country comparison to the world: 22 standard gauge: 9,521 km 1.435-m gauge (3,013 km electrified)

narrow gauge: 99 km 0.750-m gauge (2008)

Roadways:

total: 128,512 km country comparison to the world: 36 paved: 128,512 km (includes 657 km of expressways) (2007)

Waterways:

664 km (principally on Elbe, Vltava, Oder, and other navigable rivers, lakes, and canals) (2008) country comparison to the world: 77

Merchant marine:

registered in other countries: 1 (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2008) country comparison to the world: 150

Ports and terminals:

Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem

Military ::Czech Republic

Military branches:

Army of the Czech Republic (ACR): Joint Forces Command (includes Land Forces and Air Forces), Support and Training Forces Command (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18–28 years of age for voluntary and 19–28 for compulsory military service (2008)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 2,522,383

females age 16–49: 2,425,095 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 2,095,038

females age 16–49: 2,011,531 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 60,150

female: 57,157 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

1.46% of GDP (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 111

Transnational Issues ::Czech Republic

Disputes - international:

while threats of international legal action never materialized in 2007, 915,220 Austrians, with the support of the popular Freedom Party, signed a petition in January 2008, demanding that Austria block the Czech Republic's accession to the EU unless Prague closes its controversial Soviet-style nuclear plant in Temelin, bordering Austria

Illicit drugs:

transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime; significant consumer of ecstasy (2008)

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Denmark (Europe)

Introduction ::Denmark

Background:

Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), European defense cooperation, and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs.

Geography ::Denmark

Location:

Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)

Geographic coordinates: