Читать книгу The 2009 CIA World Factbook - United States. Central Intelligence Agency - Страница 452

Agriculture - products:

sugarcane, coffee, cotton, cocoa, tobacco, rice, beans, potatoes, corn, bananas; cattle, pigs, dairy products, beef, eggs

Industries:

tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco

Industrial production growth rate:

1.3% (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 119

Electricity - production:

14.02 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Electricity - consumption:

12.7 billion kWh (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 76

Electricity - exports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Electricity - imports:

0 kWh (2008 est.)

Oil - production:

0 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 181

Oil - consumption:

119,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 72

Oil - exports:

0 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 190

Oil - imports:

116,200 bbl/day (2007 est.) country comparison to the world: 63

Oil - proved reserves:

0 bbl country comparison to the world: 179

Natural gas - production:

0 cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 188

Natural gas - consumption:

470 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 96

Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2008) country comparison to the world: 188

Natural gas - imports:

470 million cu m (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 61

Natural gas - proved reserves:

0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) country comparison to the world: 186

Current account balance:

-$4.436 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 155 -$2.068 billion (2007 est.)

Exports:

$6.95 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 99 $7.16 billion (2007 est.)

Exports - commodities:

ferronickel, sugar, gold, silver, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, meats, consumer goods

Exports - partners:

US 58.1%, Haiti 9.3%, Netherlands 2.9% (2008)

Imports:

$16.1 billion (2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 77 $13.6 billion (2007 est.)

Imports - commodities:

foodstuffs, petroleum, cotton and fabrics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals

Imports - partners:

US 39.2%, Venezuela 7.7%, Mexico 5.4%, Colombia 4.9% (2008)

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$2.288 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 106 $2.562 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Debt - external:

$11.42 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 81 $10.21 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$15.59 billion (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 70 $12.71 billion (31 December 2007 est.)

Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$59 million (31 December 2008 est.) country comparison to the world: 80

Exchange rates:

Dominican pesos (DOP) per US dollar - 34.775 (2008 est.), 33.113 (2007), 33.406 (2006), 30.409 (2005), 42.12 (2004)

Communications ::Dominican Republic

Telephones - main lines in use:

985,700 (2008) country comparison to the world: 82

Telephones - mobile cellular:

7.21 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 70

Telephone system:

general assessment: relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network

domestic: fixed telephone line density is about 10 per 100 persons; multiple providers of mobile cellular service with a subscribership of roughly 75 per 100 persons

international: country code - 1–809; landing point for the Americas Region Caribbean Ring System (ARCOS-1) fiber-optic telecommunications submarine cable that provides links to South and Central America, parts of the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2008)

Radio broadcast stations:

AM 120, FM 56, shortwave 4 (1998)

Television broadcast stations:

25 (2003)

Internet country code:

.do

Internet hosts:

280,457 (2009) country comparison to the world: 56

Internet users:

2.147 million (2008) country comparison to the world: 68

Transportation ::Dominican Republic

Airports:

35 (2009) country comparison to the world: 108

Airports - with paved runways:

total: 16

over 3,047 m: 3

2,438 to 3,047 m: 4

1,524 to 2,437 m: 4

914 to 1,523 m: 4

under 914 m: 1 (2009)

Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 19

1,524 to 2,437 m: 1

914 to 1,523 m: 1

under 914 m: 17 (2009)

Railways:

total: 1,784 km country comparison to the world: 77 standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge: 1,368 km 1.076-m, 0.889-m, and 0.762-m gauges

note: 1,226 km operated by sugar companies in 1.076 m, 0.889 m, and 0.762-m gauges (2008)

Roadways:

total: 19,705 km country comparison to the world: 110 paved: 9,872 km

unpaved: 9,833 km (2002)

Merchant marine:

total: 1 country comparison to the world: 149 by type: cargo 1

registered in other countries: 1 (Panama 1) (2008)

Ports and terminals:

Boca Chica, Caucedo, Puerto Plata, Rio Haina, Santo Domingo

Military ::Dominican Republic

Military branches:

Army, Navy, Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Dominicana, FAD) (2009)

Military service age and obligation:

18 years of age for voluntary military service (2007)

Manpower available for military service:

males age 16–49: 2,440,203

females age 16–49: 2,326,694 (2008 est.)

Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16–49: 2,056,774

females age 16–49: 1,921,836 (2009 est.)

Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 97,766

female: 93,922 (2009 est.)

Military expenditures:

0.8% of GDP (2006) country comparison to the world: 147

Transnational Issues ::Dominican Republic

Disputes - international:

Haitian migrants cross the porous border into the Dominican Republic to find work; illegal migrants from the Dominican Republic cross the Mona Passage each year to Puerto Rico to find better work

Trafficking in persons:

current situation: the Dominican Republic is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children trafficked for the purposes of commercial sexual exploitation and forced labor; a large number of Dominican women are trafficked into prostitution and sexual exploitation in Western Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and Caribbean destinations; a significant number of women, boys, and girls are trafficked within the country for sexual exploitation and domestic servitude

tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List - for a second consecutive year, the Dominican Republic is on the Tier 2 Watch List for its failure to show evidence of increasing efforts to combat human trafficking, particularly in terms of not adequately investigating and prosecuting public officials who may be complicit with trafficking activity, and inadequate government efforts to protect trafficking victims; the government has taken measures to reduce demand for commercial sex acts with children through criminal prosecutions (2008)

Illicit drugs:

transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money laundering activity in particular by Colombian narcotics traffickers; significant amphetamine consumption (2008)

page last updated on November 11, 2009

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@Ecuador (South America)

Introduction ::Ecuador

Background:

What is now Ecuador formed part of the northern Inca Empire until the Spanish conquest in 1533. Quito became a seat of Spanish colonial government in 1563 and part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in 1717. The territories of the Viceroyalty - New Granada (Colombia), Venezuela, and Quito - gained their independence between 1819 and 1822 and formed a federation known as Gran Colombia. When Quito withdrew in 1830, the traditional name was changed in favor of the "Republic of the Equator." Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Protests in Quito have contributed to the mid-term ouster of Ecuador's last three democratically elected Presidents. In September 2008, voters approved a new constitution; Ecuador's twentieth since gaining independence. General elections, under the new constitutional framework, are expected in April 2009.

Geography ::Ecuador

Location:

Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru

Geographic coordinates: