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:Burma Economy

Currency:

kyat (plural - kyats); 1 kyat (K) = 100 pyas

Exchange rates:

kyats (K) per US$1 - 6.0963 (January 1992), 6.2837 (1991), 6.3386 (1990),

6.7049 (1989), 6.46 (1988), 6.6535 (1987)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

:Burma Communications

Railroads:

3,991 km total, all government owned; 3,878 km 1.000-meter gauge, 113 km

narrow-gauge industrial lines; 362 km double track

Highways:

27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth or gravel,

6,100 km unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels

Pipelines:

crude oil 1,343 km; natural gas 330 km

Ports:

Rangoon, Moulmein, Bassein

Merchant marine:

71 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,036,018 GRT/1,514,121 DWT; includes

3 passenger-cargo, 19 cargo, 5 refrigerated cargo, 3 vehicle carrier, 3

container, 2 petroleum tanker, 6 chemical, 1 combination ore/oil, 27 bulk, 1

combination bulk, 1 roll-on/roll-off

Civil air:

17 major transport aircraft (including 3 helicopters)

Airports:

85 total, 82 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways

over 3,659 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 38 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications:

meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international

service is good; 53,000 telephones (1986); radiobroadcast coverage is

limited to the most populous areas; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 1 FM, 1 TV

(1985); 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT earth station

:Burma Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy, Air Force

Manpower availability:

eligible 15-49, 21,447,878; of the 10,745,530 males 15-49, 5,759,840 are fit

for military service; of the 10,702,348 females 15-49, 5,721,868 are fit for

military service; 424,474 males and 410,579 females reach military age (18)

annually; both sexes are liable for military service

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $1.28 billion, FY(91-92)

:Burundi Geography

Total area:

27,830 km2

Land area:

25,650 km2

Comparative area:

slightly larger than Maryland

Land boundaries:

974 km; Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km, Zaire 233 km

Coastline:

none - landlocked

Maritime claims:

none - landlocked

Disputes:

none

Climate:

temperate; warm; occasional frost in uplands

Terrain:

mostly rolling to hilly highland; some plains

Natural resources:

nickel, uranium, rare earth oxide, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet

exploited), vanadium

Land use:

arable land 43%; permanent crops 8%; meadows and pastures 35%; forest and

woodland 2%; other 12%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Environment:

soil exhaustion; soil erosion; deforestation

Note:

landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed

:Burundi People

Population:

6,022,341 (July 1992), growth rate 3.2% (1992)

Birth rate:

46 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate:

14 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Net migration rate:

0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Infant mortality rate:

106 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth:

51 years male, 55 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate:

6.8 children born/woman (1992)

Nationality:

noun - Burundian(s); adjective - Burundi

Ethnic divisions:

Africans - Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%; other

Africans include about 70,000 refugees, mostly Rwandans and Zairians;

non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 2,000 South Asians

Religions:

Christian about 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs

32%, Muslim 1%

Languages:

Kirundi and French (official); Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the

Bujumbura area)

Literacy:

50% (male 61%, female 40%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Labor force:

1,900,000 (1983 est.); agriculture 93.0%, government 4.0%, industry and

commerce 1.5%, services 1.5%; 52% of population of working age (1985)

Organized labor:

sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is

extended to all Burundi workers (informally); active membership figures NA

:Burundi Government

Long-form name:

Republic of Burundi

Type:

republic

Capital:

Bujumbura

Administrative divisions:

15 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi,

Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi

Independence:

1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

Constitution:

20 November 1981; suspended following the coup of 3 September 1987; a

constitutional committee was charged with drafting a new constitution

created in February 1991; a referendum on the new constitution scheduled for

March 1992

Legal system:

based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted

compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday:

Independence Day, 1 July (1962)

Executive branch:

president; chairman of the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity

and Progress (UPRONA), prime minister

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale) was dissolved following

the coup of 3 September 1987; at an extraordinary party congress held from

27 to 29 December 1990, the Central Committee of the National Party of Unity

and Progress (UPRONA) replaced the Military Committee for National

Salvation, and became the supreme governing body during the transition to

constitutional government

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court (Cour Supreme)

Leaders:

Chief of State:

Major Pierre BUYOYA, President (since 9 September 1987)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Adrien SIBOMANA (since 26 October 1988)

Political parties and leaders:

only party - National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), Nicolas MAYUGI,

secretary general; note - although Burundi is still officially a one-party

state, at least four political parties were formed in 1991 in anticipation

of proposed constitutional reform in 1992 - Burundi Democratic Front

(FRODEBU), Organization of the People of Burundi (RPB), Socialist Party of

Burundi (PSB), Movement for Peace and Democracy (MPD) - the Party for the

Liberation of the Hutu People (PALIPEHUTU), formed in exile in the early

1980s, is an ethnically based political party dedicated to majority rule;

the government has long accused PALIPEHUTU of practicing devisive ethnic

politics and fomenting violence against the state. PALIPEHUTU's exclusivist

charter makes it an unlikely candidate for legalization under the new

constitution that will require party membership open to all ethnic groups

Suffrage:

universal adult at age NA

Elections:

National Assembly:

dissolved after the coup of 3 September 1987; note - The National Unity

Charter outlining the principles for constitutional government was adopted

by a national referendum on 5 February 1991

:Burundi Government

Member of:

ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA,

IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTERPOL, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,

UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation:

Ambassador Julien KAVAKURE; Chancery at Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW,

Washington, DC 20007; telephone (202) 342-2574

US:

Ambassador Cynthia Shepherd PERRY; B. P. 1720, Avenue des Etats-Unis,

Bujumbura; telephone [257] (222) 454; FAX [257] (222) 926

Flag:

divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green

panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the

center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a

triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

:Burundi Economy

Overview:

A landlocked, resource-poor country in an early stage of economic

development, Burundi is predominately agricultural with only a few basic

industries. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts

for an average 90% of foreign exchange earnings each year. The ability to

pay for imports therefore continues to rest largely on the vagaries of the

climate and the international coffee market. As part of its economic reform

agenda, launched in February 1991 with IMF and World Bank support, Burundi

is trying to diversify its export agriculture capability and attract foreign

investment in industry. Several state-owned coffee companies were privatized

via public auction in September 1991.

GDP:

exchange rate conversion - $1.13 billion, per capita $200; real growth rate

3.4% (1990 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

7.1% (1990 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues $158 million; expenditures $204 million, including capital

expenditures of $131 million (1989 est.)

Exports:

$74.7 million (f.o.b., 1990)

commodities:

coffee 88%, tea, hides, and skins

partners:

EC 83%, US 5%, Asia 2%

Imports:

$234.6 million (c.i.f., 1990)

commodities:

capital goods 31%, petroleum products 15%, foodstuffs, consumer goods

partners:

EC 57%, Asia 23%, US 3%

External debt:

$1.0 billion (1990 est.)

Industrial production:

real growth rate 5.1% (1986); accounts for about 10% of GDP

Electricity:

55,000 kW capacity; 105 million kWh produced, 20 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imports;

public works construction; food processing

Agriculture:

accounts for 60% of GDP; 90% of population dependent on subsistence farming;

marginally self-sufficient in food production; cash crops - coffee, cotton,

tea; food crops - corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc; livestock

- meat, milk, hides, and skins

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $71 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $10.2 billion; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $32 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $175

million

Currency:

Burundi franc (plural - francs); 1 Burundi franc (FBu) = 100 centimes

Exchange rates:

Burundi francs (FBu) per US$1 - 193.72 (January 1992), 181.51 (1991), 171.26

(1990), 158.67 (1989), 140.40 (1988), 123. 56 (1987)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

:Burundi Communications

Highways:

5,900 km total; 400 km paved, 2,500 km gravel or laterite, 3,000 km improved

or unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

Lake Tanganyika

Ports:

Bujumbura (lake port) connects to transportation systems of Tanzania and

Zaire

Civil air:

no major transport aircraft

Airports:

6 total, 6 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over

3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; none with runways 1,220 to 2,439 m

Telecommunications:

sparse system of wire, radiocommunications, and low-capacity radio relay

links; 8,000 telephones; broadcast stations - 2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Indian

Ocean INTELSAT earth station

:Burundi Defense Forces

Branches:

Army (includes naval and air units); paramilitary Gendarmerie

Manpower availability:

males 15-49, 1,306,611; 681,050 fit for military service; 59,676 reach

military age (16) annually

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $28 million, 3.7% of GDP (1989)

:Cambodia Geography

Total area:

181,040 km2

Land area:

176,520 km2

Comparative area:

slightly smaller than Oklahoma

Land boundaries:

2,572 km; Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km

Coastline:

443 km

Maritime claims:

Contiguous zone:

24 nm

Continental shelf:

200 nm

Exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

Territorial sea:

12 nm

Disputes:

offshore islands and three sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in

dispute; maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined

Climate:

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to October); dry season (December to

March); little seasonal temperature variation

Terrain:

mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north

Natural resources:

timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower

potential

Land use:

arable land 16%; permanent crops 1%; meadows and pastures 3%; forest and

woodland 76%; other 4%; includes irrigated 1%

Environment:

a land of paddies and forests dominated by Mekong River and Tonle Sap

Note:

buffer between Thailand and Vietnam

:Cambodia People

Population:

7,295,706 (July 1992), growth rate 2.1% (1992)

Birth rate:

37 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate:

15 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Net migration rate:

0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Infant mortality rate:

121 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth:

48 years male, 51 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate:

4.4 children born/woman (1992)

Nationality:

noun - Cambodian(s); adjective - Cambodian

Ethnic divisions:

Khmer 90%, Chinese 5%, other 5%

Religions:

Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%

Languages:

Khmer (official), French

Literacy:

35% (male 48%, female 22%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Labor force:

2.5-3.0 million; agriculture 80% (1988 est.)

Organized labor:

Kampuchea Federation of Trade Unions (FSC); under government control

:Cambodia Government

Long-form name:

none

Type:

currently administered by the Supreme National Council (SNC), a body set up

under United Nations' auspices, in preparation for an internationally

supervised election in 1993 and including representatives from each of the

country's four political factions

Capital:

Phnom Penh

Administrative divisions:

19 provinces (khet, singular and plural) and 2 autonomous cities* Banteay

Meanchey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Saom City*,

Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri,

Phnom Phen City*, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanokiri,

Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takev

Independence:

8 November 1949 (from France)

Constitution:

a new constitution will be drafted after the national election in 1993

National holiday:

NGC - Independence Day, 17 April (1975); SOC - Liberation Day, 7 January

(1979)

Executive branch:

a twelve-member Supreme National Council (SNC), chaired by Prince NORODOM

SIHANOUK, composed of representatives from each of the four political

factions; faction names and delegation leaders are: State of Cambodia (SOC)

- HUN SEN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK or Khmer Rouge) - KHIEU SAMPHAN; Khmer

People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) - SON SANN; National United Front

for an Independent, Peaceful, Neutral, and Cooperative Cambodia (FUNCINPEC)

- Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH

Legislative branch:

pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's National

Assembly is the only functioning national legislative body

Judicial branch:

pending a national election in 1993, the incumbent SOC faction's Supreme

People's Court is the only functioning national judicial body

Leaders:

Chief of State:

SNC - Chairman Prince NORODOM SIHANOUK, under United Nations's supervision

Head of Government:

NGC - vacant, formerly held by SON SANN (since July 1982); will be

determined following the national election in 1993; SOC - Chairman of the

Council of Ministers HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985)

Political parties and leaders:

Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge) under KHIEU

SAMPHAN; Cambodian Pracheachon Party or Cambodian People's Party (CPP) (name

changed and HENG SAMRIN replaced in October 1991) under CHEA SIM; Khmer

People's National Liberation Front (KPNLF) under SON SANN; National United

Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia

(FUNCINPEC) under Prince NORODOM RANNARIDH

Suffrage:

universal at age 18

Elections:

UN-supervised election for a 120-member constituent assembly based on

proportional representation within each province will be held nine months

after UN-organized voter registration is complete; the election is not

anticipated before April 1993; the assembly will draft and approve a

constitution and then transform itself into a legislature that will create a

new Cambodian Government

:Cambodia Government

Member of:

AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL,

ITU, LORCS, NAM, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation:

the Supreme National Council (SNC) represents Cambodia in international

organizations - it filled UN seat in September 1991

US:

Charles TWINNING is the US representative to Cambodia

Flag:

SNC - blue background with white map of Cambodia in middle; SOC - two equal

horizontal bands of red (top) and blue with a gold stylized five-towered

temple representing Angkor Wat in the center

:Cambodia Economy

Overview:

Cambodia is a desperately poor country whose economic development has been

stymied by deadly political infighting. The economy is based on agriculture

and related industries. Over the past decade Cambodia has been slowly

recovering from its near destruction by war and political upheaval. The food

situation remains precarious; during the 1980s famine was averted only

through international relief. In 1986 the production level of rice, the

staple food crop, was able to meet only 80% of domestic needs. The biggest

success of the nation's recovery program has been in new rubber plantings

and in fishing. Industry, other than rice processing, is almost nonexistent.

Foreign trade has been primarily with the former USSR and Vietnam, and both

trade and foreign aid are being adversely affected by the breakup of the

USSR. Statistical data on the economy continue to be sparse and unreliable.

Foreign aid from the former USSR and Eastern Europe has virtually stopped.

GDP:

exchange rate conversion - $930 million, per capita $130; real growth rate

NA (1991 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

53% (1990 est.)

Unemployment rate:

NA%

Budget:

revenues $178 million expenditures $NA, including capital expenditures of

$NA (1991)

Exports:

$32 million (f.o.b., 1988)

commodities:

natural rubber, rice, pepper, wood

partners:

Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

Imports:

$147 million (c.i.f., 1988)

commodities:

international food aid; fuels, consumer goods, machinery

partners:

Vietnam, USSR, Eastern Europe, Japan, India

External debt:

$600 million (1989)

Industrial production:

growth rate NA%

Electricity:

140,000 kW capacity; 200 million kWh produced, 30 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining

Agriculture:

mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice,

rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products,

sugar, flour

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US

countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8

billion

Currency:

riel (plural - riels); 1 riel (CR) = 100 sen

Exchange rates:

riels (CR) per US$1 - 714 (May 1992), 500 (December 1991), 560 (1990),

159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

:Cambodia Communications

Railroads:

612 km 1.000-meter gauge, government owned

Highways:

13,351 km total; 2,622 km bituminous; 7,105 km crushed stone, gravel, or

improved earth; 3,624 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair

Inland waterways:

3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to

craft drawing 1.8 meters

Ports:

Kampong Saom, Phnom Penh

Airports:

16 total, 8 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over

3,659 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications:

service barely adequate for government requirements and virtually

nonexistent for general public; international service limited to Vietnam and

other adjacent countries; broadcast stations - 1 AM, no FM, 1 TV

:Cambodia Defense Forces

Branches:

SOC - Cambodian People's Armed Forces (CPAF); Communist resistance forces -

National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge); non-Communist

resistance forces - Armee National Kampuchea Independent (ANKI), which is

sometimes anglicized as National Army of Independent Cambodia (NAIC), and

Khmer People's National Liberation Armed Forces (KPNLAF) - under the Paris

peace agreement of October 1991, all four factions are to observe a

cease-fire and prepare for UN-supervised cantonment, disarmament, and 70%

demobilization before the election, with the fate of the remaining 30% to be

determined by the newly elected government - the United Nations Transitional

Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) will verify the cease-fire and disarm the

combatants

Manpower availability:

males 15-49, 1,877,339; 1,032,102 fit for military service; 61,807 reach

military age (18) annually

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

:Cameroon Geography

Total area:

475,440 km2

Land area:

469,440 km2

Comparative area:

slightly larger than California

Land boundaries:

4,591 km; Central African Republic 797 km, Chad 1,094 km, Congo 523 km,

Equatorial Guinea 189 km, Gabon 298 km, Nigeria 1,690 km

Coastline:

402 km

Maritime claims:

Territorial sea:

50 nm

Disputes:

demarcation of international boundaries in Lake Chad, the lack of which has

led to border incidents in the past, is completed and awaiting ratification

by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria; boundary commission created with

Nigeria to discuss unresolved land and maritime boundaries - has not yet

convened

Climate:

varies with terrain from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north

Terrain:

diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center,

mountains in west, plains in north

Natural resources:

crude oil, bauxite, iron ore, timber, hydropower potential

Land use:

arable land 13%; permanent crops 2%; meadows and pastures 18%; forest and

woodland 54%; other 13%; includes irrigated NEGL%

Environment:

recent volcanic activity with release of poisonous gases; deforestation;

overgrazing; desertification

Note:

sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa

:Cameroon People

Population:

12,658,439 (July 1992), growth rate 3.3% (1992)

Birth rate:

44 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate:

11 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Net migration rate:

0 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Infant mortality rate:

81 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth:

55 years male, 60 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate:

6.4 children born/woman (1992)

Nationality:

noun - Cameroonian(s); adjective - Cameroonian

Ethnic divisions:

over 200 tribes of widely differing background; Cameroon Highlanders 31%,

Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8%, Eastern

Nigritic 7%, other African 13%, non-African less than 1%

Religions:

indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 33%, Muslim 16%

Languages:

English and French (official), 24 major African language groups

Literacy:

54% (male 66%, female 43%) age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)

Labor force:

NA; agriculture 74.4%, industry and transport 11.4%, other services 14.2%

(1983); 50% of population of working age (15-64 years) (1985)

Organized labor:

under 45% of wage labor force

:Cameroon Government

Long-form name:

Republic of Cameroon

Type:

unitary republic; multiparty presidential regime (opposition parties

legalized 1990)

Capital:

Yaounde

Administrative divisions:

10 provinces; Adamaoua, Centre, Est, Extreme-Nord, Littoral, Nord,

Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Ouest

Independence:

1 January 1960 (from UN trusteeship under French administration; formerly

French Cameroon)

Constitution:

20 May 1972

Legal system:

based on French civil law system, with common law influence; has not

accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

National holiday:

National Day, 20 May (1972)

Executive branch:

president, Cabinet

Legislative branch:

unicameral National Assembly (Assemblee Nationale)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)

Head of Government:

interim Prime Minister Sadou HAYATOU (since 25 April 1991)

Political parties and leaders:

Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (RDPC), Paul BIYA, president, is

government-controlled and was formerly the only party; numerous small

parties formed since opposition parties were legalized in 1990

Suffrage:

universal at age 20

Elections:

National Assembly:

next to be held 1 March 1992

President:

last held 24 April 1988 (next to be held April 1993); results - President

Paul BIYA reelected without opposition

Other political or pressure groups:

NA

Member of:

ACCT (associate), ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CCC, CEEAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-19, G-77,

GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,

INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, PCA, UDEAC, UN, UNCTAD,

UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Diplomatic representation:

Ambassador Paul PONDI; Chancery at 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington,

DC 20008; telephone (202) 265-8790 through 8794

US:

Ambassador Frances D. COOK; Embassy at Rue Nachtigal, Yaounde (mailing

address is B. P. 817, Yaounde); telephone [237] 234014; FAX [237] 230753;

there is a US Consulate General in Douala

:Cameroon Government

Flag:

three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a

yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular

pan-African colors of Ethiopia

:Cameroon Economy

Overview:

Because of its offshore oil resources, Cameroon has one of the highest

incomes per capita in tropical Africa. Still, it faces many of the serious

problems facing other underdeveloped countries, such as political

instability, a top-heavy civil service, and a generally unfavorable climate

for business enterprise. The development of the oil sector led rapid

economic growth between 1970 and 1985. Growth came to an abrupt halt in 1986

precipitated by steep declines in the prices of major exports: coffee,

cocoa, and petroleum. Export earnings were cut by almost one-third, and

inefficiencies in fiscal management were exposed. In 1990-92, with support

from the IMF and World Bank, the government has begun to introduce reforms

designed to spur business investment, increase efficiency in agriculture,

and recapitalize the nation's banks. Nationwide strikes organized by

opposition parties in 1991, however, undermined these efforts.

GDP:

exchange rate conversion - $11.5 billion, per capita $1,040; real growth

rate 0.7% (1990 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

8.6% (FY88)

Unemployment rate:

25% (1990 est.)

Budget:

revenues $1.2 billion; expenditures $1.8 billion, including capital

expenditures of $NA million (FY89)

Exports:

$2.1 billion (f.o.b., 1990 est.)

commodities:

petroleum products 56%, coffee, cocoa, timber, manufactures

partners:

EC (particularly France) about 50%, US 10%

Imports:

$2.1 billion (c.i.f., 1990 est.)

commodities:

machines and electrical equipment, transport equipment, chemical products,

consumer goods

partners:

France 41%, Germany 9%, US 4%

External debt:

$4.9 billion (December 1989 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate - 6.4% (FY87); accounts for 30% of GDP

Electricity:

755,000 kW capacity; 2,940 million kWh produced, 270 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

crude oil products, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles,

sawmills

Agriculture:

the agriculture and forestry sectors provide employment for the majority of

the population, contributing nearly 25% to GDP and providing a high degree

of self-sufficiency in staple foods; commercial and food crops include

coffee, cocoa, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, oilseed, grains, livestock,

root starches

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $440 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.5 billion; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $29 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $125

million

:Cameroon Economy

Currency:

Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural - francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF)

= 100 centimes

Exchange rates:

Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 269.01 (January

1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54

(1987)

Fiscal year:

1 July - 30 June

:Cameroon Communications

Railroads:

1,003 km total; 858 km 1.000-meter gauge, 145 km 0.600-meter gauge

Highways:

about 65,000 km total; includes 2,682 km paved, 32,318 km gravel and

improved earth, and 30,000 km of unimproved earth

Inland waterways:

2,090 km; of decreasing importance

Ports:

Douala

Merchant marine:

2 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 24,122 GRT/33,509 DWT

Civil air:

5 major transport aircraft

Airports:

56 total, 50 usable; 10 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runways over

3,659 m; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications:

good system of open wire, cable, troposcatter, and radio relay; 26,000

telephones; broadcast stations - 11 AM, 11 FM, 1 TV; 2 Atlantic Ocean

INTELSAT earth stations

:Cameroon Defense Forces

Branches:

Army, Navy (including naval infantry), Air Force; National Gendarmerie,

Presidential Guards

Manpower availability:

males 15-49, 2,753,059; 1,385,706 fit for military service; 120,011 reach

military age (18) annually

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $219 million, 1.7% of GDP (1990 est.)

:Canada Geography

Total area:

9,976,140 km2

Land area:

9,220,970 km2

Comparative area:

slightly larger than US

Land boundaries:

8,893 km with US (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

Coastline:

243,791 km

Maritime claims:

Continental shelf:

200 m (depth) or to depth of exploitation

Exclusive fishing zone:

200 nm

Territorial sea:

12 nm

Disputes:

maritime boundary disputes with the US

Climate:

varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north

Terrain:

mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast

Natural resources:

nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, silver, fish, timber,

wildlife, coal, crude oil, natural gas

Land use:

arable land 5%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 3%; forest and

woodland 35%; other 57%; includes NEGL% irrigated

Environment:

80% of population concentrated within 160 km of US border; continuous

permafrost in north a serious obstacle to development

Note:

second-largest country in world (after Russia); strategic location between

Russia and US via north polar route

:Canada People

Population:

27,351,509 (July 1992), growth rate 1.3% (1992)

Birth rate:

14 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate:

7 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Net migration rate:

6 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Infant mortality rate:

7 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth:

74 years male, 81 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate:

1.8 children born/woman (1992)

Nationality:

noun - Canadian(s); adjective - Canadian

Ethnic divisions:

British Isles origin 40%, French origin 27%, other European 20%, indigenous

Indian and Eskimo 1.5%

Religions:

Roman Catholic 46%, United Church 16%, Anglican 10%

Languages:

English and French (both official)

Literacy:

99% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1981 est.)

Labor force:

13,380,000; services 75%, manufacturing 14%, agriculture 4%, construction

3%, other 4% (1988)

Organized labor:

30.6% of labor force; 39.6% of nonagricultural paid workers

:Canada Government

Long-form name:

none

Type:

confederation with parliamentary democracy

Capital:

Ottawa

Administrative divisions:

10 provinces and 2 territories*; Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New

Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories*, Nova Scotia, Ontario,

Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon Territory*

Independence:

1 July 1867 (from UK)

Constitution:

amended British North America Act 1867 patriated to Canada 17 April 1982;

charter of rights and unwritten customs

Legal system:

based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based

on French law prevails; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with

reservations

National holiday:

Canada Day, 1 July (1867)

Executive branch:

British monarch, governor general, prime minister, deputy prime minister,

Cabinet

Legislative branch:

bicameral Parliament (Parlement) consists of an upper house or Senate

(Senat) and a lower house or House of Commons (Chambre des Communes)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Court

Leaders:

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General

Raymond John HNATSHYN (since 29 January 1990)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister (Martin) Brian MULRONEY (since 4 September 1984); Deputy

Prime Minister Donald Frank MAZANKOWSKI (since June 1986)

Political parties and leaders:

Progressive Conservative Party, Brian MULRONEY; Liberal Party, Jean

CHRETIEN; New Democratic Party, Audrey McLAUGHLIN

Suffrage:

universal at age 18

Elections:

House of Commons:

last held 21 November 1988 (next to be held by November 1993); results -

Progressive Conservative Party 43.0%, Liberal Party 32%, New Democratic

Party 20%, other 5%; seats - (295 total) Progressive Conservative Party 159,

Liberal Party 80, New Democratic Party 44, independents 12

Communists:

3,000

Member of:

ACCT, AfDB, AG (observer), APEC, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, C, CCC, CDB,

COCOM, CP, CSCE, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, FAO, G-7, G-8, G-10, GATT, IADB, IAEA,

IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,

INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LORCS, MTCR, NACC, NATO, NEA, NSG,

OAS, OECD, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIIMOG,

UNTSO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC

:Canada Government

Diplomatic representation:

Ambassador Derek BURNEY; Chancery at 501 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington,

DC 20001; telephone (202) 682-1740; there are Canadian Consulates General in

Atlanta, Boston, Buffalo, Chicago, Cleveland, Dallas, Detroit, Los Angeles,

Minneapolis, New York, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Seattle

US:

Ambassador Peter TEELEY; Embassy at 100 Wellington Street, K1P 5T1, Ottawa

(mailing address is P. O. Box 5000, Ogdensburg, NY 13669-0430); telephone

(613) 238-5335 or (613) 238-4470; FAX (613) 238-5720; there are US

Consulates General in Calgary, Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Toronto, and

Vancouver

Flag:

three vertical bands of red (hoist side), white (double width, square), and

red with a red maple leaf centered in the white band

:Canada Economy

Overview:

As an affluent, high-tech industrial society, Canada today closely resembles

the US in per capita output, market-oriented economic system, and pattern of

production. Since World War II the impressive growth of the manufacturing,

mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural

economy into one primarily industrial and urban. In the 1980s, Canada

registered one of the highest rates of real growth among the OECD nations,

averaging about 3.2%. With its great natural resources, skilled labor force,

and modern capital plant, Canada has excellent economic prospects. However,

the continuing constitutional impasse between English- and French-speaking

areas has observers discussing a possible split in the confederation;

foreign investors are becoming edgy.

GDP:

purchasing power equivalent - $521.5 billion, per capita $19,400; real

growth rate -1.1% (1991 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

4.2% (November 1991, annual rate)

Unemployment rate:

10.3% (November 1991)

Budget:

revenues $111.8 billion; expenditures $138.3 billion, including capital

expenditures of $NA (FY90 est.)

Exports:

$124.0 billion (f.o.b., 1991)

commodities:

newsprint, wood pulp, timber, crude petroleum, machinery, natural gas,

aluminum, motor vehicles and parts; telecommunications equipment

partners:

US, Japan, UK, Germany, South Korea, Netherlands, China

Imports:

$118 billion (c.i.f., 1991)

commodities:

crude petroleum, chemicals, motor vehicles and parts, durable consumer

goods, electronic computers; telecommunications equipment and parts

partners:

US, Japan, UK, Germany, France, Mexico, Taiwan, South Korea

External debt:

$247 billion (1987)

Industrial production:

growth rate -3.8% (August 1991); accounts for 34% of GDP

Electricity:

106,464,000 kW capacity; 479,600 million kWh produced, 17,872 kWh per capita

(1991)

Industries:

processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products,

transportation equipment, chemicals, fish products, petroleum and natural

gas

Agriculture:

accounts for about 3% of GDP; one of the world's major producers and

exporters of grain (wheat and barley); key source of US agricultural

imports; large forest resources cover 35% of total land area; commercial

fisheries provide annual catch of 1.5 million metric tons, of which 75% is

exported

Illicit drugs:

illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market; use of

hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of

high-quality marijuana indoors; growing role as a transit point for heroin

and cocaine entering the US market

:Canada Economy

Economic aid:

donor - ODA and OOF commitments (1970-89), $7.2 billion

Currency:

Canadian dollar (plural - dollars); 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents

Exchange rates:

Canadian dollars (Can$) per US$1 - 1.1565 (January 1992), 1.1457 (1991),

1.1668 (1990), 1.1840 (1989), 1.2307 (1988), 1.3260 (1987)

Fiscal year:

1 April - 31 March

:Canada Communications

Railroads:

93,544 km total; two major transcontinental freight railway systems -

Canadian National (government owned) and Canadian Pacific Railway; passenger

service - VIA (government operated)

Highways:

884,272 km total; 712,936 km surfaced (250,023 km paved), 171,336 km earth

Inland waterways:

3,000 km, including Saint Lawrence Seaway

Pipelines:

crude and refined oil 23,564 km; natural gas 74,980 km

Ports:

Halifax, Montreal, Quebec, Saint John (New Brunswick), Saint John's

(Newfoundland), Toronto, Vancouver

Merchant marine:

70 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 500,904 GRT/727,118 DWT; includes 1

passenger, 3 short-sea passenger, 2 passenger-cargo, 10 cargo, 2 railcar

carrier, 1 refrigerated cargo, 8 roll-on/roll-off, 1 container, 28 petroleum

tanker, 5 chemical tanker, 1 specialized tanker, 8 bulk; note - does not

include ships used exclusively in the Great Lakes

Civil air:

636 major transport aircraft; Air Canada is the major carrier

Airports:

1,416 total, 1,168 usable; 455 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with

runways over 3,659 m; 30 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 338 with runways

1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications:

excellent service provided by modern media; 18.0 million telephones;

broadcast stations - 900 AM, 29 FM, 53 (1,400 repeaters) TV; 5 coaxial

submarine cables; over 300 earth stations operating in INTELSAT (including 4

Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and domestic systems

:Canada Defense Forces

Branches:

Canadian Armed Forces (including Mobile Command, Maritime Command, Air

Command, Communications Command, Canadian Forces Europe, Training Commands),

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP)

Manpower availability:

males 15-49, 7,366,675; 6,387,459 fit for military service; 190,752 reach

military age (17) annually

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $11.4 billion, 1.7% of GDP (FY91); $10.5 billion,

NA% of GDP (FY 92)

:Cape Verde Geography

Total area:

4,030 km2

Land area:

4,030 km2

Comparative area:

slightly larger than Rhode Island

Land boundaries:

none

Coastline:

965 km

Maritime claims:

(measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)

Exclusive economic zone:

200 nm

Territorial sea:

12 nm

Disputes:

none

Climate:

temperate; warm, dry, summer; precipitation very erratic

Terrain:

steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic

Natural resources:

salt, basalt rock, pozzolana, limestone, kaolin, fish

Land use:

arable land 9%; permanent crops NEGL%; meadows and pastures 6%; forest and

woodland NEGL%; other 85%; includes irrigated 1%

Environment:

subject to prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility;

volcanically and seismically active; deforestation; overgrazing

Note:

strategic location 500 km from African coast near major north-south sea

routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling

site

:Cape Verde People

Population:

398,276 (July 1992), growth rate 3.0% (1992)

Birth rate:

48 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate:

10 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Net migration rate:

- 8 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Infant mortality rate:

61 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth:

60 years male, 64 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate:

6.5 children born/woman (1992)

Nationality:

noun - Cape Verdean(s); adjective - Cape Verdean

Ethnic divisions:

Creole (mulatto) about 71%, African 28%, European 1%

Religions:

Roman Catholicism fused with indigenous beliefs

Languages:

Portuguese and Crioulo, a blend of Portuguese and West African words

Literacy:

66% (male NA%, female NA%) age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)

Labor force:

102,000 (1985 est.); agriculture (mostly subsistence) 57%, services 29%,

industry 14% (1981); 51% of population of working age (1985)

Organized labor:

Trade Unions of Cape Verde Unity Center (UNTC-CS)

:Cape Verde Government

Long-form name:

Republic of Cape Verde

Type:

republic

Capital:

Praia

Administrative divisions:

14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio,

Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz,

Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal

Independence:

5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Constitution:

7 September 1980; amended 12 February 1981, December 1988, and 28 September

1990 (legalized opposition parties)

National holiday:

Independence Day, 5 July (1975)

Executive branch:

president, prime minister, deputy minister, secretaries of state, Council of

Ministers (cabinet)

Legislative branch:

unicameral People's National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional Popular)

Judicial branch:

Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Supremo Tribunal de Justia)

Leaders:

Chief of State:

President Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (since 22 March 1991)

Head of Government:

Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA (since 13 January 1991)

Political parties and leaders:

Movement for Democracy (MPD), Prime Minister Carlos VEIGA, founder and

chairman; African Party for Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV), Pedro Verona

Rodrigues PIRES, chairman

Suffrage:

universal at age 18

Elections:

People's National Assembly:

last held 13 January 1991 (next to be held January 1996); results - percent

of vote by party NA; seats - (79 total) MPD 56, PAICV 23; note - this

multiparty Assembly election ended 15 years of single-party rule

President:

last held 17 February 1991 (next to be held February 1996); results -

Antonio Monteiro MASCARENHAS (MPD) received 72.6% of vote

Member of:

ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO,

INTERPOL, IOM (observer), ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,

UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO

Diplomatic representation:

Ambassador Carlos Alberto Santos SILVA; Chancery at 3415 Massachusetts

Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007; telephone (202) 965-6820; there is a Cape

Verdean Consulate General in Boston

US:

Ambassador Francis T. (Terry) McNAMARA; Embassy at Rua Hoji Ya Henda Yenna

81, Praia (mailing address is C. P. 201, Praia); telephone [238] 61-43-63 or

61-42-53; FAX [238] 61-13-55

:Cape Verde Government

Flag:

two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red

band on the hoist side; in the upper portion of the red band is a black

five-pointed star framed by two corn stalks and a yellow clam shell; uses

the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of

Guinea-Bissau, which is longer and has an unadorned black star centered in

the red band

:Cape Verde Economy

Overview:

Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, a

17-year drought, and a high birthrate. The economy is service oriented, with

commerce, transport, and public services accounting for 65% of GDP during

the period 1985-88. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural

areas, agriculture's share of GDP is only 16%; the fishing sector accounts

for 4%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly

lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. In 1988 fishing represented only

3.5% of GDP. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by

remittances from emigrants and foreign aid. Economic reforms launched by the

new democratic government in February 1991 are aimed at developing the

private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy.

GDP:

exchange rate conversion - $310 million, per capita $800; real growth rate

4% (1990 est.)

Inflation rate (consumer prices):

10% (1990 est.)

Unemployment rate:

25% (1988)

Budget:

revenues $98.3 million; expenditures $138.4 million, including capital

expenditures of $NA (1988 est.)

Exports:

$10.9 million (f.o.b., 1989 est.)

commodities:

fish, bananas, salt

partners:

Portugal 40%, Algeria 31%, Angola, Netherlands (1990 est.)

Imports:

$107.8 million (c.i.f., 1989)

commodities:

petroleum, foodstuffs, consumer goods, industrial products

partners:

Sweden 33%, Spain 11%, Germany 5%, Portugal 3%, France 3%, Netherlands, US

(1990 est.)

External debt:

$150 million (December 1990 est.)

Industrial production:

growth rate 18% (1988 est.); accounts for 7% of GDP

Electricity:

15,000 kW capacity; 15 million kWh produced, 40 kWh per capita (1991)

Industries:

fish processing, salt mining, clothing factories, ship repair, construction

materials, food and beverage production

Agriculture:

accounts for 16% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; bananas are the only

export crop; other crops - corn, beans, sweet potatoes, coffee; growth

potential of agricultural sector limited by poor soils and limited rainfall;

annual food imports required; fish catch provides for both domestic

consumption and small exports

Economic aid:

US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY75-89), $88 million; Western (non-US)

countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $537 million; OPEC

bilateral aid (1979-89), $12 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $36

million

Currency:

Cape Verdean escudo (plural - escudos); 1 Cape Verdean escudo (CVEsc) = 100

centavos

:Cape Verde Economy

Exchange rates:

Cape Verdean escudos (CVEsc) per US$1 - 71.28 (March 1992), 71.41 (1991),

64.10 (November 1990), 74.86 (December 1989), 72.01 (1988), 72.5 (1987)

Fiscal year:

calendar year

:Cape Verde Communications

Ports:

Mindelo, Praia

Merchant marine:

7 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,717 GRT/19,000 DWT

Civil air:

3 major transport aircraft

Airports:

6 total, 6 usable; 6 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over

3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m

Telecommunications:

interisland radio relay system, high-frequency radio to Senegal and

Guinea-Bissau; over 1,700 telephones; broadcast stations - 1 AM, 6 FM, 1 TV;

2 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

:Cape Verde Defense Forces

Branches:

People's Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARP) - Army and Navy are separate

components of FARP; Security Service

Manpower availability:

males 15-49, 72,916; 43,010 fit for military service

Defense expenditures:

exchange rate conversion - $NA, NA% of GDP

:Cayman Islands Geography

Total area:

260 km2

Land area:

260 km2

Comparative area:

slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

Land boundaries:

none

Coastline:

160 km

Maritime claims:

Exclusive fishing zone:

200 nm

Territorial sea:

3 nm

Disputes:

none

Climate:

tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively

dry winters (November to April)

Terrain:

low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs

Natural resources:

fish, climate and beaches that foster tourism

Land use:

arable land 0%; permanent crops 0%; meadows and pastures 8%; forest and

woodland 23%; other 69%

Environment:

within the Caribbean hurricane belt

Note:

important location between Cuba and Central America

:Cayman Islands People

Population:

29,139 (July 1992), growth rate 4.4% (1992)

Birth rate:

16 births/1,000 population (1992)

Death rate:

5 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

Net migration rate:

33 migrants/1,000 population (1992)

Infant mortality rate:

8 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

Life expectancy at birth:

75 years male, 79 years female (1992)

Total fertility rate:

1.5 children born/woman (1992)

Nationality:

noun - Caymanian(s); adjective - Caymanian

Ethnic divisions:

40% mixed, 20% white, 20% black, 20% expatriates of various ethnic groups

Religions:

United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Roman

Catholic, Church of God, other Protestant denominations

Languages:

English

Literacy:

98% (male 98%, female 98%) age 15 and over having ever attended school

(1970)

Labor force:

8,061; service workers 18.7%, clerical 18.6%, construction 12.5%, finance

and investment 6.7%, directors and business managers 5.9% (1979)

Organized labor:

Global Seaman's Union; Cayman All Trade Union

:Cayman Islands Government

Long-form name:

none

Type:

dependent territory of the UK

Capital:

George Town

Administrative divisions:

8 districts; Creek, Eastern, Midland, South Town, Spot Bay, Stake Bay, West

End, Western

Independence:

none (dependent territory of the UK)

Constitution:

1959, revised 1972

Legal system:

British common law and local statutes

National holiday:

Constitution Day (first Monday in July)

Executive branch:

British monarch, governor, Executive Council (cabinet)

Legislative branch:

unicameral Legislative Assembly

Judicial branch:

Grand Court, Cayman Islands Court of Appeal

Leaders:

Chief of State:

Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Michael

GORE (since May 1992)

Head of Government:

Governor and President of the Executive Council Alan James SCOTT (since NA

1987)

Political parties and leaders:

no formal political parties

Suffrage:

universal at age 18

Elections:

Legislative Assembly:

last held November 1988 (next to be held November 1992); results - percent

of vote by party NA; seats - (15 total, 12 elected)

Member of:

CARICOM (observer), CDB, IOC

Diplomatic representation:

as a dependent territory of the UK, Caymanian interests in the US are

represented by the UK

US:

none

Flag:

blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the

Caymanian coat of arms on a white disk centered on the outer half of the

flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with

three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom

bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS

HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS