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A SAMPLE KANJI CHART

A sample from the kanji charts is explained below.

① The kanji and its serial number in this textbook.

② Meanings.

③ Readings: kun-readings in hiragana, and on-readings in katakana.

Hiragana following a dot [・う in the sample above] are okurigana.

Readings in parentheses ( ) express euphonic change, i.e., modified readings. [For example, こと、 (ごと）]

④ Stroke order.

⑤ Etymology or memory-aid. (The authors have created new derivations for some kanji when the etymology is unclear or confusing.)

⑥ Important compound words, and their readings and meanings.

⑦ Additional compound words, and their readings and meanings.

Note that:

• Kanji marked × are not included in the 500 kanji taught in two volumes of Essential Japanese Kanji.

• Kana in parentheses ( ) in kanji compounds is optional when writing. [For example, 終 (わ) る can be written 終わる or 終る]. Two sets of ( ) appear for most nouns derived from compound verbs. The kana in both ( ) or in the former ( ) only may be omitted, but the kana in the latter ( ) alone cannot be omitted. [For example, 取 (り) 消 (し) can be written 取り消し、取消し、or 取消、but not 取り消.]

• * indicates exceptional readings.

• Small numbers placed above certain kanji in the Vocabulary sections refer to Lesson numbers in this book.

• “々” is a kanji repetition mark, used like “少々”, shōshō.