Читать книгу Essential Japanese Kanji Volume 2 - University of Tokyo Kanji Research Group - Страница 11
ОглавлениеLESSON 1
Living in Japan
日本に住みます
Looking for a place to live is one of the most important matters for newcomers to Japan. Three ways are available to search for apartments or houses: using the Internet, looking over a real estate lease information magazine, and visiting a real estate agent. The listings show various kinds of floor plans; among these, the studio and the 1K (one room, plus kitchen) apartment are the most common. In this lesson, you will learn some technical terms commonly used when searching for housing.
1 Introductory Quiz
Look at the illustrations below and refer to the words in Vocabulary. Then try the following quiz.
Which apartment will Ichiro and Kaori choose? Write the appropriate letters (A, B) in the parentheses.
2 Vocabulary
Study the readings and meanings of these words to help you understand the Introductory Quiz.
3 New Characters
Twelve characters are introduced in this lesson. Use the explanations to help you understand and remember the characters. Study the compound words to increase your vocabulary.
広 交 活 利 家 賃 理 礼 身 向 好 私
1
広
hiro-i, (biro-i), kō
ひろ・い、(びろ・い）、コウ broad, wide, spread
Roof 广 and 厶 arm combined, 広 means the space in the house where one can stretch arms widely. Thus 広 means wide.
| 広い | ひろい | hiroi | spacious |
| -------- | |||
| 広場 | ひろば | hiroba | plaza |
| 広大な | こうだいな | kōdai na | vast |
| 広間 | ひろま | hiroma | hall, spacious room |
| 広義 | こうぎ | kōgi | broad sense |
| 手広い | てびろい | tebiroi | extensive |
| 広々 | ひろびろ | hirobiro | extensive |
2
交
maji-waru, kō
まじ・わる、コウ intersection, exchange
Six 六 people are at work and interacting 乂. Thus 交 means to cross or exchange.
| 交わる | まじわる | majiwaru | to intersect |
| 交通 | こうつう | kōtsū | transportation |
| 交番 | こうばん | kōban | koban, police box |
| -------- | |||
| 外交 | がいこう | gaikō | diplomacy |
| 国交 | こっこう | kokkō | diplomatic relations |
| 社交的 | しゃこうてき | shakōteki | sociable |
| 交代する | こうたいする | kōtai suru | to take turns |
| 交付 | こうふ | kōfu | deliver |
3
活
katsu, (ka’)
カツ、(カッ） life, activity
舌 is a pictograph of a tongue. Tongue 舌 and water combined, 活 suggests wet tongue. Thus 活 means life and by extension activity.
| 生活 | せいかつ | seikatsu | living |
| 生活費 | せいかつひ | seikatsuhi | living expense |
| 活動 | かつどう | katsudō | activity |
| -------- | |||
| 活発な | かっぱつな | kappatsu na | lively |
| 活用 | かつよう | katsuyō | practical use |
| 自活する | じかつする | jikatsu suru | to support oneself |
4
利
ri
リ advantage, interest
Grain 禾 and a plow 刂 combined, 利 means profitable, because if you plow the earth, you will reap more grain, which is a benefit to you.
| 便利な | べんりな | benri na | convenient |
| 利用する | りようする | riyō suru | to use |
| 利用者 | りようしゃ | riyōsha | user |
| -------- | |||
| 有利な | ゆうりな | yūri na | advantageous |
| 不利な | ふりな | furi na | disadvantageous |
| 利子 | りし | rishi | interest (on a loan) |
5
家
ie, ka, ya
いえ、カ、ヤ house, family, person
Pigs 豕 were important animals in ancient China, and they were kept in the house 宀 where people lived. The original meaning is to roof animals like pigs, but it has changed to mean a building with a roof.
| 家 | いえ | ie | house |
| 家内 | かない | kanai | wife |
| 大家 | おおや | ōya | landlord/landlady |
| -------- | |||
| 家計 | かけい | kakei | house economy |
| 家事 | かじ | kaji | house work |
| 家出 | いえで | iede | run away from home |
6
賃
chin
チン fare, wages
任 is a combination of a person イ and the load the person is carrying, thus meaning responsibility. 任 combined with money 貝, 賃 means the amount of money one is responsible to pay.
| 家賃 | やちん | yachin | rent |
| 電車賃 | でんしゃちん | denshachin | train fare |
| 賃料 | ちんりょう | chinryō | rent |
| -------- | |||
| 賃金 | ちんぎん | chingin | wages |
| 賃貸 | ちんたい | chintai | leasing |
| 工賃 | こうちん | kōchin | wages |
| 手間賃 | てまちん | temachin | wages |
7
理
ri
リ reason, logic, principle
The king, or ruler, 王 of the village 里 is reasonable.
| 管理費 | かんりひ | kanrihi | administrative fee |
| 管理 | かんり | kanri | management |
| 管理人 | かんりにん | kanrinin | supervisor, caretaker, superintendent |
| -------- | |||
| 無理な | むりな | muri na | impossible |
| 理学部 | りがくぶ | rigakubu | faculty of science |
| 料理 | りょうり | ryōri | cooking |
| 修理 | しゅうり | shūri | repair |
| 理事 | りじ | riji | director |
8
礼
rei
レイ bow, thanks, etiquette
礼 combines shrine ネ, and a line suggesting to bow. Thus 礼 means bow.
| 礼 | れい | rei | bow, thanks, etiquette |
| 礼金 | れいきん | reikin | key money |
| お礼 | おれい | orei | thanks |
| -------- | |||
| 無礼 | ぶれい | burei | rudeness |
| 祭礼 | さいれい | sairei | religious festival |
| 目礼 | もくれい | mokurei | nod, greet by eyes |
| 非礼 | ひれい | hirei | impolite |
| 洗礼 | せんれい | senrei | baptism |
9
身
mi, shin
み、シン body
This is a pictograph resembling a pregnant woman. Thus it means to be filled with many things like muscles; a body.
| 身分 | みぶん | mibun | status |
| 身分証明書 | みぶん しょうめいしょ | mibun shōmeisho | identification card |
| -------- | |||
| 出身地 | しゅっしんち | shusshinchi | hometown |
| 中身 | なかみ | nakami | contents |
| 終身 | しゅうしん | shūshin | for life |
| 自身 | じしん | jishin | oneself |
| 前身 | ぜんしん | zenshin | antecedents |
10
向
mu-ku, kō
む・く、コウ face toward
The air flows out through the window 口 of a house toward one direction.
| 南向き | みなみむき | minamimuki | facing south |
| 方向 | ほうこう | hōkō | direction |
| -------- | |||
| 前向きに | まえむきに | maemuki ni | positively |
| 外人向け | がいじんむけ | gaijin muke | for foreigners |
| 向学心 | こうがくしん | kōgakushin | love of learning |
| 向上心 | こうじょうしん | kōjōshin | desire to improve oneself |
| 意向 | いこう | ikō | intention |
11
好
su-ki, kō
す・き、コウ fond
Women 女 like 好 children 子.
| 好きな | すきな | suki na | fond |
| -------- | |||
| 好物 | こうぶつ | kōbutsu | favorite food |
| 好意 | こうい | kōi | good will |
| 好意的 | こういてき | kōiteki | friendly |
| 好人物 | こうじんぶつ | kōjimbutsu | good natured person |
| 好男子 | こうだんし | kōdanshi | handsome man |
| 好学 | こうがく | kōgaku | love of learning |
| 好都合 | こうつごう | kōtsugō | favorable |
12
私
watakushi, (watashi), shi
わたくし、(わたし）、シ I, private
禾 is grain. ム is the figure of an arm holding grain. Thus 私 means to take in the grain or whatever belongs to an individual.
| 私 | わたくし／わたし | watakushi/watashi | I |
| 私立 | しりつ | shiritsu | private (institution) |
| -------- | |||
| 私語 | しご | shigo | private talk |
| 私費 | しひ | shihi | one’s own expense |
| 私用 | しよう | shiyō | private engagement |
| 私生活 | しせいかつ | shiseikatsu | private life |
| 私室 | ししつ | shishitsu | private room |
4 Practice
I. Write the readings of the following kanji in hiragana.
II. Fill in the blanks with appropriate kanji.
5 Advanced Placement Exam Practice Questions
You are looking for a studio apartment. Compare two options, #1 and #2, and decide which one you will choose.
Write which option you selected and compare at least THREE aspects (similarities and/or differences) between #1 and #2. Also write reasons for your selection.
Your writing should be 300 to 400 characters or longer. Use the desu/masu or da (plain) style, but use one style consistently. Also, use kanji wherever kanji from the AP Japanese kanji list is appropriate. You have 20 minutes to write.
