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List of Figures

List of Tables

Preface

Chapter 1 Introduction to Automation of Water Resource Recovery Facilities

Robert D. Hill, Ph.D, P.E.

1.0 WHAT IS COMPLETE AUTOMATION DESIGN?

2.0 MOTIVATION FOR UPDATING THIS MANUAL

3.0 TECHNOLOGY AS A STRATEGY, NOT A LIMITATION

4.0 WHAT THIS MANUAL DOES AND DOES NOT INCLUDE

5.0 INTENDED AUDIENCE

6.0 MANUAL OF PRACTICE CHAPTER CONTENTS

7.0 REFERENCES

8.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 2 The Business Case for Automation

David B. Kubel, P.E. Dave W. Roberts, P.E.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 BENEFITS OF AUTOMATION

3.0 AUTOMATION COSTS

4.0 COST–BENEFIT ANALYSIS

5.0 FORMULATING THE BUSINESS CASE

6.0 REFERENCES

7.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 3 Complete Automation Design

Peter R. Craan, P.E., CAP

1.0 THE DESIGN PROCESS

2.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTS

3.0 POSTDESIGN PHASE

4.0 REFERENCES

5.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 4 Process and Instrumentation Diagram

Peter R. Craan, P.E., CAP

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 HOW TO CREATE A PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM

3.0 PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS AS COMMUNICATION TOOLS

4.0 INTELLIGENT PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS

5.0 PROCESS AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS FOR NONPROCESS SYSTEMS

6.0 REFERENCES

7.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 5 Process Control Narratives

Jeff Coulson, P. Eng, PMP Jack Geisenhoff, P.E., PMP

1.0 PURPOSE OF PROCESS CONTROL NARRATIVES

2.0 TYPICAL PROCESS CONTROL NARRATIVE COMPONENTS

3.0 OTHER METHODS OF CONVEYING PROCESS DESCRIPTIONS

4.0 DEVELOPMENT, UPDATES, AND PRESENTATION

5.0 REFERENCE

Chapter 6 Specifications

Thomas H. Powell, P.E., C.C.S. Mohamad Bassidgi, P. Eng

1.0 RELATIONSHIP OF SPECIFICATIONS AND DRAWINGS

2.0 SPECIFICATIONS

3.0 REVISIONS TO TECHNICAL CONTENT

4.0 INSTRUMENT DATA SHEETS

5.0 CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS INSTITUTE

6.0 OWNER-DEVELOPED SPECIFICATIONS

7.0 COORDINATION WITH OTHER DISCIPLINES

8.0 REFERENCES

9.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 7 Process Control Strategies

Jack Geisenhoff, P.E., PMP Mike Abbott, P.E. Jeff Coulson, P. Eng, PMP Richard S. Haugh, P.E. Robert D. Hill, Ph.D, P.E.

1.0 OBJECTIVE OF AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL

2.0 CONTROL THEORY

3.0 MISTAKE PROOFING

4.0 CONTROL CONCEPTS

5.0 PUMPING AND FLOW CONTROL STRATEGIES

6.0 SCREENING, GRIT REMOVAL, AND CONVEYANCE CONTROL STRATEGIES

7.0 PRIMARY SLUDGE AND SCUM CONTROL STRATEGIES

8.0 ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEM CONTROL STRATEGIES

9.0 CHEMICAL FEED SYSTEMS

10.0 THICKENING CONTROL

11.0 DEWATERING CONTROL

12.0 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION CONTROL

13.0 INCINERATION CONTROL

14.0 ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

15.0 REFERENCES

16.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 8 General Instrument Characteristics

Robert Lagrange, Ph.D. Nicholas Camin, BSEE, MBA

1.0 BACKGROUND

2.0 INSTRUMENT CLASSIFICATIONS

3.0 INSTRUMENT CHARACTERISTICS

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS AND DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

5.0 TESTING AND QUALITY ASSURANCE

6.0 SAMPLING AND BYPASS LINES FOR INSTRUMENTS

7.0 SMART PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION

8.0 DOCUMENTATION

9.0 REFERENCES

10.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 9 Sensors

Charles K. Aycock Ron Burdick, P.E. Cesar Canal Bob Dabkowski Tracy Doane-Weideman Robert Lagrange, Ph.D.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 FLOW METERS

3.0 LEVEL

4.0 PRESSURE

5.0 TEMPERATURE

6.0 DISSOLVED OXYGEN

7.0 CHLORINE RESIDUAL

8.0 pH

9.0 OXIDATION–REDUCTION POTENTIAL

10.0 CONDUCTIVITY

11.0 STREAMING CURRENT

12.0 NUTRIENT ANALYZERS

13.0 ONLINE SOLIDS MEASUREMENT

14.0 GAS ANALYZERS

15.0 VIBRATION

16.0 REFERENCES

17.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 10 Final Control Elements

Edward Baltutis

1.0 WHAT IS A FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT?

2.0 VALVES

3.0 PUMPS, AERATORS, AND MIXERS (MATERIAL TRANSFER EQUIPMENT)

4.0 ELECTRIC MOTORS

5.0 STARTERS

6.0 DRIVES

7.0 CONTROL SIGNAL INTERFACE

8.0 SMART EQUIPMENT (VALVES, PUMPS, AND BLOWERS)

9.0 OTHER FINAL CONTROL DEVICES

10.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 11 Communications and Connectivity

Bob “SCADAbob” Rutemiller, M.S. John Weber

1.0 OVERVIEW OF COMMUNICATIONS

2.0 BASIC COMMUNICATIONS CONCEPTS

3.0 COMMUNICATION DETAILS

4.0 ETHERNET INDEPTH

5.0 COMMUNICATIONS TROUBLESHOOTING

6.0 WIRELESS CONNECTIVITY

7.0 COMMUNICATIONS REDUNDANCY

8.0 COMMUNICATIONS AND CONNECTIVITY SOFTWARE

9.0 CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 12 Physical and Cyber Security

Corinne M. Tuozzoli, P.E. Victor Einfeldt Daniel Groves, P.E. Ryan J. Kowalski, P.E. Joshua A. Ross Shannon D. Spence, P.E.

1.0 CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE

2.0 PHYSICAL SECURITY

3.0 CRITICAL INFORMATION NETWORKS

4.0 CYBER SECURITY RISKS FOR INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEMS

5.0 CYBER SECURITY REGULATIONS

6.0 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

7.0 COMPREHENSIVE CYBER SECURITY PROGRAM

8.0 CYBER SECURITY-ENHANCING MEASURES

9.0 REFERENCES

10.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 13 Human–Machine Interfaces

Ryan J. Kowalski, P.E. Caseyann Sarli

1.0 INTRODUCTION

2.0 UNDERSTANDING SITUATIONAL AWARENESS

3.0 FIELD DISPLAY AND ANNUNCIATION METHODS

4.0 DISPLAY CONTROL ROOMS AND HUMAN ENGINEERING

5.0 ADOPTING THE HUMAN–MACHINE INTERFACE PHILOSOPHY—DEVELOPING THE STANDARD

6.0 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS—EFFECTIVE USE OF TRENDING AND DATA

7.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN–MACHINE INTERFACE DESIGN

8.0 ALARM MANAGEMENT—IMPLEMENTING BEST PRACTICES

9.0 MANAGING CHANGE AND FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS

10.0 REFERENCES

11.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 14 Process Controllers

Raluca F. Constantinescu, P.E.

1.0 PROCESS CONTROL DESIGN

2.0 PROCESS CONTROL HARDWARE

3.0 PROCESS CONTROLLER SOFTWARE—CONTROL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

4.0 REFERENCES

Chapter 15 Maintenance and Troubleshooting

William J. Balzer, P.E.

1.0 THEORY OF MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT

2.0 MAINTENANCE STRATEGY

3.0 MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

4.0 INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION

5.0 TROUBLESHOOTING THEORY

6.0 TROUBLESHOOTING STRATEGY

7.0 TROUBLESHOOTING METHODS

8.0 TEST CASE

9.0 TROUBLESHOOTING EQUIPMENT

10.0 SAFETY

11.0 REFERENCES

12.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Chapter 16 Control Systems Training

Frank Mercado, P.E.

1.0 THE COMPELLING NEED FOR TRAINING

2.0 SUSTAINABILITY OF A TRAINING PROGRAM

3.0 TRAINING PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

4.0 TRAINING PROGRAM DESIGN

5.0 CONTROL SYSTEMS TRAINING

6.0 SUMMARY

7.0 REFERENCE

8.0 SUGGESTED READINGS

Index