Читать книгу Abnormal Psychology - William J. Ray - Страница 160

The current classification manual used by most clinicians in North America is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM–5) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013).The DSM will be discussed in some detail later in this chapter. Based on the DSM–5, with its specific criteria for each category of psychological disorder, it is possible to ask questions in an interview that directly probe for the existence of these criteria. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) sets forth these questions along with a decision tree for directing follow-up questions. For example, if you want to determine if a person displayed an obsessive–compulsive disorder, you would begin with a general question concerning whether the individual experiences thoughts that kept recurring. If the person said yes, you would then ask what those thoughts were. The decision tree would help you to determine if these thoughts were seen by the individual as something produced in his or her own mind or imposed on the person by an outside agent. Thoughts experienced as not from oneself would be more characteristic of a psychotic disorder, whereas those recognized as coming from one’s own mind might indicate a possible obsessive–compulsive disorder. Individuals with anxiety may also experience worries as thoughts coming into their mind, and the SCID would help to determine whether the person experiences obsessive–compulsive disorder or anxiety. The next set of questions would help the professional determine whether compulsions were also present. The SCID would instruct the interviewer to ask if there was anything the person had to do over and over again such as constant hand washing or checking a door lock several times.

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID): an interview that directly probes for the existence of the criteria for disorders within the current classification manual, the DSM–5