Читать книгу Mandarin Chinese for Beginners - Yi Ren - Страница 10
ОглавлениеCHAPTER 2
第二章
Dì èr zhāng
Introducing… 介绍 Jiè shào
Lily’s parents arrived back home while Jack and Lily were talking. Lily’s husband picked up their daughter on his way home from work, and they have just arrived too. Jack has never met Lily’s family, so Lily introduces everyone to Jack.
In this chapter, you will learn how to introduce yourself when you meet someone for the first time and how to introduce your family members. Also, you will learn some Chinese family traditions. Plus, you’ll discover Chinese idioms, a proverb, a famous poem, and more tips about Chinese culture and customs.
Are you curious? Great. Let’s learn something new!
Huān yíng nǐ!
Welcome!
Tā shì wǒ de xiān shēng.
This is my husband.
Hěn gāo xìng jiàn dào nǐ. Nǐ jiào shén me míng zi?
Nice to meet you. What’s your name?
In Chapter 1, you learned how Jack and Lily greet each other in Chinese. Now, let’s see how Lily introduces her family to Jack in Chinese. Once you know how to introduce and be introduced, you’re on your way to meeting lots of new people.
It’s time to turn on the audio, this time to Chapter 2’s New Words 1. Listen to the complete list first, and then follow me to read and repeat each word. After you get familiar with these new words, you can move on to Dialog 1. Listen, and then repeat; practice each sentence until you can say it smoothly
Dialog 1 第一节
Lily:Jack, these are my dad and mom.
Jié kè, tā men shì wǒ de bà ba hé mā ma.
杰克, 他 们 是 我 的爸爸和 妈 妈。
Jack:How do you do!
Nín men hǎo!
您 们 好！
Lily:This is my friend.
Tā shì wǒ de péng yǒu.
他 是 我 的 朋 友。
Lily’s dad (to Jack):
What’s your name?
Nǐ jiào shén me míng zì?
你 叫 什 么 名 字？
Jack:My name is Jack Lee.
Wǒ jiào Lǐ Jié kè.
我 叫 李杰克。
Lily’s dad:Welcome!
Huān yíng nǐ!
欢 迎 你!
New Words 1 生词
| 介绍 jiè shào | introduction |
| 他们 tā men | they |
| 是 shì | is/are/am |
| 我的 wǒ de | my |
| 爸爸 bà ba | dad |
| 和 hé | and |
| 妈妈 mā ma | mom |
| 您 nín | you |
| 您们 nín men | you (plural) |
| 他 tā | he |
| 朋友 péng yǒu | friend |
| 叫 jiào | to be called |
| 什么 shén me | what |
| 名字 míng zì | name |
| 李 Lǐ | Lee (name) |
| 欢迎 huān yíng | welcome |
Notes 注 释
➊ You may have noticed that both 你好 nǐ hǎo and 您好 nín hǎo are equivalent to “Hello” in English. What is the difference between 你好 nǐ hǎo and 您好 nín hǎo? How do you use them? 您好 Nín hǎo is a respectful form which is used to greet elderly people and people you meet for the first time, or to show respect and politeness in formal occasions. 你好 Nǐ hǎo is like “Hi” in English. People use this form in a casual manner.
➋ Similar to English, there are words for “these” and “this” in Chinese. However, the way of using them in Chinese is slightly different from the way it’s done in English. For example, in English you can say either “This is my friend” or “He is my friend”; but in Chinese, you usually use a personal pronoun “tā” rather than “this”—you say “Tā shì wǒ de péng yǒu.” Remember: people use a personal pronoun 他 tā/她 tā instead of “this” and 他们 tā men/她们 tā men instead of “these” to introduce others in Chinese.
Useful Sentences 实 用 句 型
Once again, the dialog has some key sentences which are especially worth memorizing.
Tā shì wǒ de péng yǒu.
他是我的 朋 友。(This is my friend.)
Tā men shì wǒ de bà ba, mā ma.
他 们 是我的爸爸、妈妈。(These are my dad and mom.)
Nǐ jiào shén me míng zì?
你叫 什 么 名 字？(What’s your name?)
Extend Your Vocabulary 词 汇 扩 展
This table lists the singular and plural personal pronouns. When you read through it, you will find that it’s pretty easy to memorize them. To form plural pronouns, you simply need to add one word, “men,” after the singular pronoun.
| Singularpersonalpronouns | nǐ你you | nín您you (respectful) | wǒ我I | tā他he | tā她she | tā它it |
| Pluralpersonalpronouns | nǐ men你们you | nín men您们you (respectful) | wǒ men我们we | tā men他们they | tā men她们they | tā men它们they |
You have learned how to introduce your parents and friend(s) in Dialog 1. Now you will learn how to introduce your husband or wife and your child(ren) in Dialog 2. A very important topic, as they’ll be happy to remind you!
To start, listen to New Words 2 on the audio. Next read along, and repeat each word during the pauses provided. You also need to pay careful attention to the tone of each word. When you finish New Words 2, you will hear how Lily introduces her husband and daughter to Jack: listen to their conversation in Dialog 2, and then follow along to practice speaking these sentences yourself.
Dialog 2 第二节
Lily:Please sit down! Have you had your meal yet?
Qǐng zuò! Nǐ chī le ma?
请 坐! 你 吃了 吗?
Lily:This is my husband, Xu Bin.
Tā shì wǒ de xiān shēng, Xǔ Bīn.
他 是 我的 先 生, 许 斌。
Lily:This is Jack.
Tā shì Jié kè.
他是杰克。
Xu Bin:How do you do, Jack!
Nǐ hǎo, Jié kè!
你好, 杰克!
Jack:It’s nice to meet you.
Hěn gāo xìng rèn shí nǐ.
很 高 兴 认 识你。
Lily:This is my daughter, Mao Mao.
Tā shì wǒ de nǚ ér, Máo mao.
她是 我 的女儿, 毛 毛。
Jack:Hello, Mao Mao!
Nǐ hǎo, Máo mao!
你 好, 毛 毛！
Mao Mao:Hello!
Nín hǎo!
您 好!
New Words 2 生词
| 先生 xiān shēng | husband |
| 先生 xiān shēng | Mr./gentleman |
| 许斌 Xǔ bīn | Xu Bin (name) |
| 他 tā | he |
| 认识 rèn shí | meet |
| 高兴 gāo xìng | glad |
| 她 tā | she |
| 女儿 nǚ ér | daughter |
| 毛毛 Máo mao | Mao Mao (name) |
Notes 注 释
➊ The word “xiān shēng” in Chinese is equivalent to “sir” or “gentleman” in English and is used as a formal and respectful title for adult males outside the family. In Chinese, “husband” can be said as zhàng fu, xiān shēng, ài ren or lǎo gōng. Zhàng fu is used formally. In casual settings, people use lǎo gōng. Xiān shēng can be used in either situation. Similarly, “wife” can be qī zi, tài tai, ài ren or lǎo pó in Chinese. Qī zi is a formal term; lǎo pó is a casual term; and tài tai can be used in either formal or casual situations. The genderless term ài ren means “spouse.”
➋ Pay special attention to the word “ta.” When you hear “ta” in Chinese, it indicates “he (him),” “she (her),” or “it” depending on the conversation context, because these three different characters are all pronounced exactly the same way. Similar to English, though, the written characters are different in Chinese. “Ta” written as 他 tā means “he (him)”; “ta” written as 她 tā means “she (her)”; and “ta” written as 它 tā means “it.”
➌ Two quick things to note about the pinyin ǚ: (1) When pinyin j, q, x, or y is used before ü, the two dots on top of it should be omitted, as in the word yú “fish.” (2) when n or l is in front of ü, the two dots should be kept, as in nǚ ér (“daughter”) in the dialog.
Useful Sentences 实 用 句 型
Below are some key sentences that are frequently used in introducing people.
Tā shì wǒ xiān shēng.
他是 我 先 生。(This [He] is my husband.)
Tā shì wǒ nǚ ér.
她是我女儿。(This [She] is my daughter.)
Hěn gāo xìng rèn shí nǐ.
很 高 兴 认 识你。(It’s nice to meet you.)
Extend Your Vocabulary 词 汇 扩 展
Here are some personal titles used in Chinese. Knowing them might come in handy.
| zhàng fu丈夫husband—formal and respectful | xiān shēng先生husband—formal or casual | lǎo gōng老公husband—very casual | tài tai太太wife—formal or casual |
| qī zi妻子wife—formal and respectful | lǎo pó老 婆wife—very casual | fù mǔ父母parents | ér zi儿子son |
Practice and Review 练 习 与 复 习
Now let’s check your understanding of what you have learned so far. Work through the following exercises. When you finish, compare your work with the Answer Key, available online.
A. Substitutions 替换练习
This is where you practice how to use the words in the section Extend Your Vocabulary. The numbered sentences are basic sentences which are followed by a few extended sentences (underneath) containing the words present in Extend Your Vocabulary and some words you’ve learned in earlier chapters.
Tā shì wǒ de bà ba.
1. 他是我的爸爸。
Tā shì wǒ de tài tai.
她 是我的太太。
Tā shì wǒ de ér zi.
他 是我的儿子。
Tā men shì wǒ de fù mǔ.
他 们 是 我的父母。
Nǐ jiào shén me míng zì?
2. 你 叫 什 么 名 字?
Nín men shì tā de fù mǔ ma?
您 们 是他的父 母 吗?
Tā hē kā fēi bù hē chá.
他喝咖啡不喝 茶。
Tā men shì wǒ men de péng yǒu.
他 们 是我 们 的 朋 友。
B. Circle the Right Answer 选择正确答案
Circle the choice that best fits into the sentence.
Tā shì wǒ.
1) 他是我（ ）。
| mā ma | fù mǔ | xiān shēng | nǚ ér | ||||
| A. | 妈 妈 | B. | 父母 | C. | 先 生 | D. | 女儿 |
Rèn shí nǐ hěn.
2) 认 识你很（ ）。
| míng zì | huān yíng | gāo xìng | péng yǒu | ||||
| A. | 名 字 | B. | 欢 迎 | C. | 高 兴 | D. | 朋 友 |
C. Translate 翻译
Translate the following sentences into pinyin.
Example: This is my friend. _______Tā shì wǒ de péng yǒu.
1) What is your name? _____
2) My name is Tom. _____
3) This is my husband. _____
4) This is my daughter. _____
D. Use Pinyin to Make Sentences 用拼音造句案
For each phrase, add Chinese words you know to make a complete sentence. See how many different sentences you can say for each line!
Example: This is my wife. ________Tā shì wǒ de qī zi.
1) You are _____________________________
Nǐ shì _____________________________
2) I am _____________________________
Wǒ shì _____________________________
3) These are _____________________________
Tā men shì _____________________________
4) We are _____________________________
Wǒ men shì _____________________________
Tips
Chinese Cultural Tips 中 文花絮
The Traditional Chinese Family
A traditional Chinese family consists of two, three, sometimes four generations who live under the same roof. Grandparents take care of their grandchildren while their sons or daughters work. Chinese think that taking care of their elderly parents is their moral responsibility. They respect, care, and love in a way that preserves the family harmony and social stability. In modern China, although many young people live and work far from their parents, they frequently contact their parents by phone or email, and visit their parents during weekends and holidays, especially Chinese New Year.
In Chinese families, adults call their own children or other children whom they know very well by their first names or nicknames. But, children can never call their parents or other adults by their names, because that would be considered rude. Children or younger people have to call their parents, older relatives, or their parents’ friends by certain titles. Some of these titles are similar to those you may use in English, such as 爸爸 bà ba for “dad” and 妈妈 mā ma for “mom.” And other titles are unique to Chinese. For example, 姐姐 jiě jie is for “older sister.” Some courtesy titles used for older relatives or parents’ friends are 伯伯 bó bo or 叔叔 shū shu for a male adult and 阿姨 ā yí for a female adult.
For Your Enjoyment
The idioms and the proverb here, which relate to traditional family and home, are commonly used by native Chinese speakers.
四世同堂 Sì shì tóng táng (an idiom): Four generations living under the same roof.
家和万事兴 Jiā hé wàn shì xìng (a proverb): If a family is harmonious together, everything will be prosperous.
宾至如归 Bīn zhì rú guī (an idiom): To make a guest feel as comfortable as at his (or her) own home.
From ancient times to the present, it’s impossible to count how many poems have been written to describe people’s emotions and feelings. There are just too many! And China has certainly contributed its share to the world. Here is one short but very popular Tang poem that a lot of Chinese know.
The author, Wang Wei, is one of the well-known poets of the Tang Dynasty (618–907). This is his most famous poem.
LOVESICKNESS
by Wang Wei
The red berries grow in southern lands.
How many seedlings sprout forth this spring?
I wish you’d pick a bundle of them in remembrance of me,
For it provokes lovesickness best.
| Xiāng sī 相 思 | ||||
| Wáng Wéi 王 維 | ||||
| Hóng | dòu | shēng | nán | guó, |
| 紅 | 豆 | 生 | 南 | 國， |
| chūn | lái | fā | jǐ | zhī? |
| 春 | 來 | 發 | 几 | 枝？ |
| Yuàn | jūn | duō | cǎi | xié, |
| 愿 | 君 | 多 | 采 | 擷， |
| cǐ | wù | zuì | xiāng | sī. |
| 此 | 物 | 最 | 相 | 思。 |
Suggestions
Americans often say “I love you,” “I love this,” and “I love that”…the word “love,” under many circumstances, doesn’t have a serious significance, and it just means that people like something/somebody very much or are excited about it/them. But in Chinese culture, the word “love”—爱 ài—is a serious word and is reserved to talk about genuine love. Most of the time, it is only used between lovers. It is also used to express a respectful feeling to parents and the motherland, or to express an intimate feeling to children. So take note of this difference between western culture and Chinese culture. You should be careful not to use this special word “爱 ài” casually—for example, you wouldn’t say the word “love” to young women or men in China—in order to avoid embarrassment.
In China, you often hear the word 老外 lǎo wài. It means “foreigner(s),” and it is a neutral term. Similarly, Chinese call their colleagues “Lǎo Lǐ,” “Lǎo Hú,” etc. Here Lǎo means “old,” a little bit in the sense of “old chap.” Lǎo also reflects some degree of respectfulness. Wài means “outside.” Lǎo wài is a general term for people from foreign countries, and has nothing to do with age here, nor does it have any negative meaning.
Don’t be too surprised if your new Chinese friends ask about your income and age, how many cars you have, how big your house is, or other seemingly personal questions. It is a part of Chinese culture, and it is not viewed as being nosy; it is the way that people express their friendly interest. Chinese often talk about these topics among themselves. A foreigner’s answers are particularly interesting to Chinese because they would like to know more about life in foreign countries. Smiling or changing the subject may be a smart choice if a topic like this comes up in a conversation with your Chinese friends, or if you don’t mind you could simply answer the questions.
Do You Know?
➊ Which traditional holidays are most important to the Chinese? (Bonus point: Which one is more important than all the others?)
➋ What are the terms in Chinese for the twenty-fifth and fiftieth wedding anniversaries?
See you later!
Now you have learned how to introduce family members to other people. In addition, you’ve learned 46 new words, a few more useful sentences, idioms, and proverb, a poem, and some Chinese cultural info and customs.
Even though family is great, you probably also want to know how to introduce yourself to other people at parties or business events, right? That’s up next as we move on to Chapter 3.
But first, we should take a short break. See you soon!
Zhè shì wǒ de míng piàn.
Here is my business card.
Wǒ lái zì shàng hǎi. Nǐ lái zì nǎ ge guó jiā?
I am from Shanghai. Where are you from?
Hěn gāo xìng rèn shí nǐ.
Very happy to meet you.
