Читать книгу Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children - Группа авторов - Страница 38

The relationship between individual socioeconomic status and obesity varies according to national economic development. As GDP per capita increases, the burden of obesity shifts from wealthy individuals to poor individuals [12]. Thus, in high‐income countries, the prevalence of obesity tends to be highest among the poor. In the United States, for example, the prevalence of obesity is increasing among white women with low incomes, but not among women in other ethnic groups or women in the highest income group [65]. Among US men, the prevalence of obesity increased in all three income groups in 2011–2014 [65]. Among US children, the socioeconomic status gradient in obesity increases as they age [66].

In England, socioeconomic gradients in obesity have been reported as early as 5 years of age, which supports a strong role for the home environment [67]. Moreover, the obesity prevalence gap between the haves and have‐nots has widened over time: the prevalence gap between the most and least deprived areas in England in 2016–2017 was 13.4% compared to 8.5% in 2006–2007 [67].