Читать книгу Becoming a Data Head - Alex J. Gutman - Страница 48

Table 2.1 tells the story of a company. Each month, they run a different marketing campaign online, on television, or in print media (newspapers and magazines). The process they run generates new information each month. The table they've created is an encoding of this information and thus it holds data.

A table of data, like Table 2.1, is called a dataset.

Notice that it has both rows and columns that serve specific functions in how we understand the table. Each row of the table (running horizontally, under the header row) is a measured instance of associated information. In this case, it's a measured instance of information for a marketing campaign. Each column of the table (running vertically) is a list of information we're interested in, organized into a common encoding so that we can compare each instance.

The rows of each table are commonly referred to as observations, records, tuples, or trials. Columns of datasets often go by the names features, fields, attributes, predictors, or variables.