Читать книгу Sociology - Anthony Giddens - Страница 3

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Age-standardized suicide rates, both sexes, 2016

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Steps in the research process

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Parsons’s AGIL scheme

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The decline of hunting and gathering societiesFigure 4.2 Civilizations in the ancient worldFigure 4.3 The modern world-systemFigure 4.4 Top 25 US companies by sales compared with GDP of selected countries (in $US bil…

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Global and regional temperature changes: observed, natural forcing, and natural …Figure 5.2 EU28 greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by mode of transport and sector, 2012Figure 5.3 Population without access to improved water sources, by region, 2015Figure 5.4 Proportion of municipal waste going to landfill, by European economic area count…Figure 5.5 Distribution of biotech crops in developing and industrial countries in 2017

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 World wealth map 2018, average wealth per adult (in US$)Figure 6.2 Components of the Human Development IndexFigure 6.3 Regional trends in Human Development Index values, 1990–2015Figure 6.4 National trends in the HDI, selected countries, 1970–2010Figure 6.5 Indicators of continuing human deprivation, 2016Figure 6.6 World Hunger Map, 2018Figure 6.7 Gross enrolment ratios by level of education and human development index, 2015Figure 6.8 Global child labour by age, gender and economic sectorFigure 6.9 Total fertility 2010–15 (live births per woman)Figure 6.10 The Demographic Transition ModelFigure 6.11 Rostow’s stages of economic growth for selected countries, 1750–1959

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 The gender hierarchyFigure 7.2 Legal status of lesbian, gay and bisexual people across the world

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Percentage of households that own their own home, by ethnicity (England)Figure 8.2 Stop-and-search rate (England and Wales) per 1,000 people, by ethnicityFigure 8.3 Ethnic groups, England and Wales, 2011Figure 8.4 Immigration as an important issue, by UK net migration, 1974–2013Figure 8.5 The Schengen area as at February 2020Figure 8.6 Global migrations, 1945–73Figure 8.7 Global migrations, 1973–1990

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Regional prevalence of modern slavery (per 1,000 population)Figure 9.2 Distribution of total household wealth (£), percentile points, Great Britain, Ju…Figure 9.3 The Kuznets CurveFigure 9.4 Absolute (intergenerational) social mobility in selected countries, men (proport…Figure 9.5 Absolute (intergenerational) social mobility in selected countries, women (propo…Figure 9.6 Percentage of women in powerful positions, 2018

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Contemporary transformations in health and medicineFigure 10.2a Distribution of Covid-19 cases, worldwide, by continent, 30 November 2020Figure 10.2b Distribution of Covid-19 deaths, worldwide, by continent, 30 November 2020Figure 10.3 AIDS by the numbers, 2017Figure 10.4 Global adult HIV prevalence (15 to 49 years), 2017, by WHO regionFigure 10.5 Male life expectancy at birth for expanded National Statistics socio-economic cl…Figure 10.6 Female life expectancy at birth for expanded National Statistics socio-economic …Figure 10.7 The cultural and material influences on healthFigure 10.8 Disability prevalence in the UK by age, 2002/3–2010/11 (percentage of age group)

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 EU at risk of poverty rates, 2016–17Figure 11.2 Essential items most commonly lacking, by categoryFigure 11.3 Percentage of UK households which cannot afford selected ‘essential items’, by a…Figure 11.4 Relative poverty levels by ethnic group, pre- and post-2008 recession, UK (exclu…Figure 11.5 Percentage of pensioners in ‘absolute low income’, before and after housing cost…Figure 11.6 Percentage of pensioners in ‘relative low income’, before and after housing cost…Figure 11.7 Number of moves into and out of the poorest fifth in the period 2004–7 among tho…

12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Urban and rural population as a proportion of the total, by geographic region, 1…Figure 13.2 Global urban population by city size, 1990, 2014 and 2030 (projected)

13 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Global life expectancy at birth, both sexes, 2016Figure 14.2 Population structure by major age groups, EU-27, 1990–2060 (projected)Figure 14.3 European age pyramids, 1950, 1990, 2010 and 2050 (projected)Figure 14.4 Projected old-age dependency ratio, EU-28, 2017–80Figure 14.5 Actual and projected components of UK dependency ratio for population of pension…Figure 14.6 China’s dependency ratio, 1950–2100 (projected)

14 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Daily cooking and housework by men and women, EU28, 2016 (percentages)Figure 15.2 Number of marriages and divorces, opposite-sex couples, England and Wales, 1950–…Figure 15.3 Crude marriage and divorce rates (per 1,000 inhabitants) in the EU-28, 1970–2011Figure 15.4 Countries that permit same-sex marriage, or in which it is legal in some regions…Figure 15.5 The family tree and the family bean-pole

15 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Average test score rank, by socio-economic position quintile at age seven and el…Figure 16.2 Key Stage test scores at ages eleven, fourteen and sixteen by socio-economic qui…Figure 16.3 Differences between male and female A-level subject choices, 2019Figure 16.4 Students in tertiary education, by field of education and gender (EU-28), 2016Figure 16.5 Percentage of children in England achieving the expected level in each of the ea…Figure 16.6 UK undergraduate and postgraduate students by subjects of study and gender, 2016–…Figure 16.7 UK undergraduate and postgraduate students by subject of study and ethnicity, 20…Figure 16.8 Government expenditure on education, 1970–2018Figure 16.9 Primary out-of-school rate, 2018 or latest yearFigure 16.10 Adult literacy rate by region and sex, 2016Figure 16.11 Number of computers available to students and expenditure on education, 2010

16 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 UK employment rates by gender (16–64 years), 1971–2019Figure 17.2 Global employment by sector (share of total), 1999–2009Figure 17.3 Female share of the workforce, selected countries, 2010–16Figure 17.4 Automatable activities by economic sector, USAFigure 17.5 Young people not in education, employment or training, UK, 2000–15

17 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Percentage of people attending religious services, European countries, 2018Figure 18.2 Belief in God, spirits or life force, European countries, 2018Figure 18.3 Proportion of sixteen- to 29-year-olds identifying with no religion in twenty-tw…

18 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 Device used most often for specific internet activitiesFigure 19.2 Average daily minutes broadcast television viewed per person, by age, 2010–18

19 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 The linear political spectrum

20 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 CSEW crime estimates, year ending December 1981 to year ending September 2018Figure 22.2 Proportion of sentenced prisoners for indictable offences in England and Wales, …Figure 22.3 Percentage of the panel offending over a four-year period, by age at the start o…Figure 22.4 Characteristics associated with a higher likelihood of being a victim of violenc…