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Quinoa is a sympatric plant, because areas of distribution and expansion are always accompanied by their wild relatives, which cross over and maintain variability. In each of the types of quinoa, specific wild relatives can be found (Mujica, 2010). The most common species are C. carnosolum Moq. (Chocca chiwa) and C. quinoa ssp. melanospermum Hunz. (ayara, ajara or aara) in the Andean area of Titicaca; C. petiolare Kunth., C. hircinum Schard. (Jatacco), C. insisum and C. ambrosioides in the inter-Andean valleys; C. carnosolum, C. hircinum and C. petiolare (aaras, ajaras) in the salares; C. petiolare and C. hircinum in the dry, arid and high zones; C. pallidicaule Aellen, C. hircinum and C. quinoa ssp. melanospermum in the high and cold areas (having valuable genes for resistance to drought and cold) (Mujica et al., 2008); C. ambrosioides, C. quinoa ssp. melanospermum and other introduced species such as C. album (Hierba de gallinazo o cenizo) in the coastal areas (Mujica and Jacobsen, 2006); C. ambrosioides L. (Paicco) and C. insisum (Asna paicco or Arka paicco) in the Yungas and tropical zones (used to control gastrointestinal amoebas); C. carnosolum and C. quinoa ssp. melanospermum in the humid zones and high rainfall area (consumed by the Andean people as a vegetable and for medicinal uses) (Mujica, 2007).

There are other quinoas in Central America, in the central valley of Mexico, called Huatzontle, used for their inflorescences and leaves. These are medium-sized plants, with a high saponin content, and are not consumed as grains. Plants with green and yellow colours and medium-sized grains correspond to C. berlandieri ssp. nuttalliae or C. nuttalliae, and its wild relative is C. graveolens. The dish prepared with the inflorescences is called Capeado de huatzonthe.