Читать книгу Quinoa - Atul Bhargava - Страница 37

A number of species of chenopod are cultivated and consumed in various forms in different parts of the world (Bhargava et al., 2007a). Cañihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule) has been domesticated in the Andes for grain and forage, but it is not as productive or as highly domesticated as quinoa (C. quinoa Willd.). Cañihua is adapted to high-altitude environments above 4000 m because of its extreme frost tolerance and is still cultivated in these areas (Galwey, 1995). Huazontle (C. berlandieri subsp. nuttalliae) was domesticated in Mexico, where it was cultivated both as grain and as potherb, but it is now cultivated mainly for its leaves and immature inflorescences (Bhargava et al., 2005). A domesticated form of C. album is cultivated in the Himalayas as a seed grain and potherb (Partap and Kapoor, 1985; Bhargava et al., 2007b), while foliage of other species like C. giganteum, C. murale and C. bushianum is also consumed as food and fodder, but to a lesser extent (Kunkel, 1984; Partap et al., 1998; Bhargava et al., 2008). Quinoa has been cultivated in the Andean region for thousands of years as a grain crop suited to diverse climatic conditions.