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Scholarly publications may also include an abstract, tables and/or charts that display research results, sections dividing the article (such as “Method” and “Results”), and a listing of works cited. Scholarly articles are also likely to be longer than popular articles and to appear in journals that are published less frequently than popular ones, although though this is not always the case. Some scholarly articles and books follow other academic styles (e.g., MLA or Chicago style) that may use footnotes or endnotes for the citations, so the lack of a “Works Cited” section does not necessarily indicate that something is not scholarly.

Some scholars in the humanities rely heavily on popular sources for their scholarly work, such as the article “Girl Power's Last Chance? Tavi Gevinson, Feminism, and Popular Media Culture” (Keller, 2015). It focuses on a magazine created by an online fashion blogger, so it draws heavily on nonscholarly sources, but the author uses these sources as texts to be analyzed critically rather than as authoritative voices that lend credibility to the argument.