Читать книгу Statistical Quality Control - Bhisham C. Gupta - Страница 54

A major tenet of Lean is visual management, a technique that makes the current status of inputs, outputs, or the process readily apparent at a glance. In general, visual‐management techniques are inexpensive, simple, unambiguous, and immediate. By using visual management, problems are easily detected and so can be corrected quickly.

Visual management tools are often low‐tech, such as using colored tape on the factory floor to show where inventory belongs, where someone shouldn’t stand, or where fork trucks will be traveling. Racks and bins can be color‐coded by part type. Indicator lights on machines can be used to signal run status, and pictographs of work instructions allow operators to easily reference process steps. Maintenance charts can show the latest service performed, and statistical process‐control charts show the current process performance. Visual management can certainly be used in a manufacturing plant, but it also can be used in an office, hospital, restaurant, or any type of workplace.

Table 2.2 Root causes of the Eight Wastes.

Waste	Root Cause
Transportation	Poor layout Lack of cross‐training
Inventory	Just‐in‐case mentality Unreliable supply chain
Motion	Poor layout Lack of cross‐training Insufficient equipment
Waiting	Too many handoffs Push environment Unbalanced workloads Lack of cross‐training
Overproduction	Lack of systems thinking Push environment Individuals valued over teams
Over‐processing	Lack of trust Unclear customer requirements
Defects	Poor training Non‐standard work Lack of job aids Poor communication
Skills	Lack of trust Lack of training Silo thinking