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Главная Авторы Carol A. Chapelle The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics

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The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics

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Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics Страница 8Страница 9 Alphabetical List of Entries General Editor Contributors Introduction to The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics Defining Applied Linguistics Problems in Applied Linguistics Research in Applied Linguistics Reading The Concise Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics References Suggested Readings Note Acknowledgments A Adverbs Form and Function Classification Semantic Roles Adverbs in Discourse References Suggested Readings African Union Introduction Colonialism, Postcolonialism, and Language Policy and Ideologies The African Union and Africa's Past Language Policies The African Union and Attitudes Toward African Languages The African Union and Prospects for the Indigenous African Languages References Suggested Readings Agency in Second Language Acquisition Significance of Agency in SLA: A Theoretical Overview Theoretical Perspectives on Agency in SLA Agency From Sociocultural Perspectives Agency From Poststructuralist and Critical Perspectives Research Into Agency in L2 Learning and Teaching Conclusion References Suggested Reading Note Analysis of Dialogue Dialogues Organization Intersubjectivity Social Context Conclusion References Suggested Readings Analysis of Gender in Interaction What Is Gender in Human Interaction? The Polysemy of Gendered Language References Suggested Readings Anthropological Linguistics References Suggested Readings Aptitude in Second Language Acquisition References Suggested Readings Assessment in the Classroom Approaches of Classroom Assessment Assessment for Summative Purposes or Assessment of Learning Assessment for Formative Purposes or Assessment for Learning Assessment as Learning The Role of Standards in Classroom Assessment Conclusion References Suggested Readings Note Assessment of Cultural Knowledge Introduction Conceptualizing Cultural Knowledge The Nature of Instruments Assessing Cultural Knowledge Intercultural Development Cultural Identity Cultural Values Cultural Adjustment Culture Learning Selected Cultural Knowledge Assessment Instruments The Intercultural Development Inventory Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure‐Revised Sociocultural Adaptation Scale‐Revised Cultural Intelligence Scale (CQS) Conclusion References Online Resources Note Assessment of Integrated Skills Test Tasks Computer Madness Research in the Assessment of Integrated Skills Benefits of Integrated Assessment Challenges of Integrated Assessment Development Reliability and Rating Validity Conclusions References Suggested Readings Assessment of the Linguistic Resources of Communication Representing the Linguistic Resources of Communication Conceptualizing L2 Proficiency as Knowledge of Grammatical Forms Conceptualizing L2 Proficiency as a Set of Resources for Communicating Contextualized Meanings Measuring the Linguistic Resources of Communication Conclusion References Note Assessment of Listening Listening Processes Factors Affecting Listening Tasks for Assessing Listening Limitations of Listening Assessment Tasks Computers in Assessing Listening Current and Future Directions in Assessing Listening References Suggested Readings Assessment of Pragmatics The Construct Tests Under the Speech Act Construct Measurement of Interactional Abilities Challenges in Testing L2 Pragmatics Conclusion References Assessment of Reading Brief History of Reading Research Linguistic Knowledge and Reading Ability Orthographic Knowledge Phonological Knowledge Morphological Knowledge Vocabulary Knowledge Syntactic Knowledge Discourse Knowledge Reading Ability in a Second Language Reading Assessment in a Second Language Unique Challenges in L2 Reading Assessment Future Directions in Second Language Reading Assessment References Suggested Readings Assessment of Speaking Speaking Assessment Methods Rating Scales and Scale Descriptors Raters Conclusion References Suggested Readings Assessment of Vocabulary Introduction Selection of Target Items Design of Assessments Recognition Recall Comprehension Use Conclusion References Suggested Readings Assessment of Writing Purposes of Writing Tests The Nature of Second Language Writing Types of Writing Assessments Characteristics of Writing Tests: Tasks and Scoring Task Features Scoring Features Challenges and Opportunities for the Future References Suggested Readings Attention, Noticing, and Awareness in Second Language Acquisition Introduction Theoretical Approaches to the Roles of Attention and Awareness in SLA Schmidt's Noticing Hypothesis Tomlin and Villa's Functional Model of Input Processing in SLA Robinson's Model of the Relationship between Attention and Memory Leow's Model of the L2 Learning Process in ISLA Attention/Noticing and Learning: Empirical Evidence in SLA Awareness and Learning in SLA Empirical Evidence for the Role of Awareness in SLA Learning Without Awareness? Where Do We Go From Here? Conclusion References Suggested Readings Attitudes and Motivation in Bilingual Education Introduction Attitudes Motivation Different Motivational Models Minority Languages Foreign Languages: Global English Conclusions References Suggested Readings Audiovisual Translation Multimedia Translation AVT Modalities Dubbing Subtitling Fansubbing Accessibility References Authenticity in the Language Teaching Curriculum Authentic Materials in a Historical Context Reasons for Using Authentic Materials Critiques Pedagogical Challenges References Suggested Readings Note Automatic Speech Recognition Definition Historical Overview Challenges and Applications of ASR ASR in Applied Linguistics Automatic Rating of Pronunciation Other ASR Applications in Applied Linguistics Future Directions References Suggested Readings B Bilingualism and Cognition Bilingualism and Language Phonological Accents Grammatical Accents Semantic Accents Bilingualism and Nonverbal Cognition Bilingualism and Linguistic Relativity Bilingualism and Intelligence Bilingualism and Executive Control References Suggested Readings Bilingual and Monolingual Language Modes Language Mode Description Movement Along the Language‐Mode Continuum Impact on Language Behavior Evidence for Language Mode Language Mode in Different Groups of Bilinguals Highly Language‐Dominant Bilinguals Multilinguals Interpreters Deaf Bilinguals Language Mode in Research Language Mode as a Confounding Variable Language Mode as a Control Variable Modeling Conclusion References Suggested Readings Note {buyButton}

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