Читать книгу Neurology - Charles H. Clarke - Страница 108

 Acuity: use a 3 metre Snellen chart. Correct refraction with lenses or pinhole – make one if necessary.

 Fields: finger confrontation is reliable, and/or use 5 mm white/red pinheads. Ask the patient to cover their left eye; fix gaze of their right with your left eye. Fields are not flat: move target along a circumference, c. 50 cm away.

 Central defects: Amsler grid, or, use text: ‘….are there any holes in the print?’

 Colour vision: Ishihara or 100 Hue cards.

 Pupils:dim lights, bright torchapproach from temporal side avoids convergencecross‐illuminate – second torch lights up a dark iris – many an unreactive pupil constrictsrelative afferent pupillary defect: swinging light test.

 Fundi: develop your own technique.I seat the patient gazing horizontally at an object, and say: ‘…. its fine if you blink….’For the left fundus, I look through my ophthalmoscope with my left eye and cover my right.