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A lesion of an individual nerve produces symptoms and signs within its distribution. Demarcation is clear‐cut. Areas of sensory loss are discussed in Chapter 10. The quality of sensory disturbance varies between numbness, tingling and painful pins and needles. Painful tingling in the distribution of a damaged nerve when it is percussed, is known as a positive Tinel’s sign, for example in some carpal tunnel cases.

Neuralgia (Chapter 23) describes severe pain in the distribution of a nerve or root. In trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux; Chapter 13), the paroxysmal nature of pain, and its distribution are diagnostic.

Causalgia (Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Chapter 23) describes chronic pain after nerve section or crush injury, sometimes following amputation. Anaesthesia dolorosa is pain in an anaesthetic area.