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The fMRI methods have two major applications. A task‐based fMRI study investigates the brain signals associated with mental functions. Imaging is conducted when subjects are performing a behavioural task that induces the mental functions of research interest (see Section 2.2). A resting‐state fMRI study investigates the intrinsic activity of the brain, i.e. the spontaneous activity when subjects are not perturbed by external stimuli (see Section 2.4). The fMRI methods can be further categorized according to the nature of the brain signals detected, as discussed below.