Читать книгу Linux Bible - Christopher Negus - Страница 176

The most common utility for checking running processes is the ps command. Use it to see which programs are running, the resources they are using, and who is running them. The following is an example of the ps command:

 $ ps u USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND jake 2147 0.0 0.7 1836 1020 tty1 S+ 14:50 0:00 -bash jake 2310 0.0 0.7 2592 912 tty1 R+ 18:22 0:00 ps u

In this example, the u option (equivalent to -u) asks that usernames be shown, as well as other information such as the time the process started and memory and CPU usage for processes associated with the current user. The processes shown are associated with the current terminal (tty1). The concept of a terminal comes from the old days when people worked exclusively from character terminals, so a terminal typically represented a single person at a single screen. Nowadays, you can have many “terminals” on one screen by opening multiple virtual terminals or Terminal windows on the desktop.

In this shell session, not much is happening. The first process shows that the user named jake opened a bash shell after logging in. The next process shows that jake has run the ps u command. The terminal device tty1 is being used for the login session. The STAT column represents the state of the process, with R indicating a currently running process and S representing a sleeping process.